Lane A P, Prazma J, Gibbons P J, Rose A S, Pillsbury H C
Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7070, USA.
Am J Rhinol. 1997 Jul-Aug;11(4):303-11. doi: 10.2500/105065897781446667.
The production of nasal fluids serves an important role in the protection of the upper respiratory system, but can also be a troublesome symptom of rhinitis. The chief sources of nasal fluids are serous and mucous glandular secretion, epithelial goblet cell exocytosis, and exudation from submucosal blood vessels. This study was designed to investigate the role of nitric oxide in neurogenically mediated nasal vascular exudation and mucus secretion. A rat model of the naso-nasal reflex was developed in which one nasal cavity was challenged with histamine while albumin and mucin production were measured in the continuously perfused contralateral side. Histamine challenge was associated with a significant rise in contralateral albumin and mucin content. Perfusion with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) in the nasal cavity contralateral to nasal challenge was found to block albumin leakage, but not mucin secretion, on that side. The inhibition of vascular exudation was overcome by the addition of L-arginine, the natural substrate of nitric oxide synthase, to the perfusate. Treatment of the ipsilateral nasal of the ipsilateral nasal cavity with L-NAME did not significantly after the contralateral response. A high correlation was observed between albumin and mucin concentration in the perfusate. These findings indicate that NO is a mediator of the effector arm of the naso-nasal reflex that increases vascular permeability, but is not involved in the sensory nerve afferent pathway or in reflex mucin release. Further elucidation of the role of NO in nasal physiology may lead to novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.
鼻分泌物的产生对上呼吸道起到重要的保护作用，但也可能成为鼻炎的一个麻烦症状。鼻分泌物的主要来源是浆液性和黏液性腺分泌、上皮杯状细胞的胞吐作用以及黏膜下血管的渗出。本研究旨在探讨一氧化氮在神经介导的鼻血管渗出和黏液分泌中的作用。建立了鼻-鼻反射的大鼠模型，其中一侧鼻腔用组胺刺激，同时在持续灌注的对侧测量白蛋白和黏蛋白的产生。组胺刺激与对侧白蛋白和黏蛋白含量的显著增加有关。发现在与鼻刺激相对的对侧鼻腔中灌注一氧化氮合酶抑制剂（L-NAME）可阻断该侧的白蛋白渗漏，但不影响黏蛋白分泌。通过向灌注液中添加一氧化氮合酶的天然底物L-精氨酸，可克服对血管渗出的抑制作用。用L-NAME处理同侧鼻腔的同侧鼻，对侧反应无明显改变。在灌注液中观察到白蛋白和黏蛋白浓度之间存在高度相关性。这些发现表明，NO是鼻-鼻反射效应臂的介质，可增加血管通透性，但不参与感觉神经传入途径或反射性黏蛋白释放。进一步阐明NO在鼻生理中的作用可能会带来治疗变应性和非变应性鼻炎的新药物治疗方法。
