Byrd M E
Rhode Island College, Providence 02908, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 1997 Oct;14(5):313-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1997.tb00380.x.
Home visiting is a central, long-standing, and yet theoretically underdeveloped public health nursing process. The general aim of this study was to expand and refine a preliminary model of home visiting. A stylized field research investigation was conducted in the area of maternal-child health with one nurse in a visiting nurse association in New England. A specific type of home visiting, identified as child focused, emerged, with phases labeled as surveying and designating; selling and scheduling; approaching the home and the visit; entering the home; gaining permission to ask questions and access the infant--starting with the mother's expressed concerns; making the caregiving judgment--asking questions and weighing and examining the infant; and ending the visit. "Haunting and telling" was an additional phase for certain visits. The nurse conducted child-focused home visiting in three patterns. The single pattern is described in this article. Potential maternal, child, interactive, and environmental consequences were identified, as were factors influencing the process of maternal-child home visiting. Social exchange theory emerged as useful in describing how the nurse initiated, maintained, and ended the home visiting process, and in describing attendant client consequences.
家访是一项核心的、长期存在但理论上尚未充分发展的公共卫生护理工作。本研究的总体目标是扩展并完善一个初步的家访模型。在新英格兰一家访视护士协会中，一名护士在母婴健康领域开展了一项程式化的实地研究调查。一种特定类型的家访——以儿童为重点——出现了，其阶段被标记为调查与指定；推销与安排；接近家庭与家访；进入家庭；获得提问及接触婴儿的许可——从母亲表达的担忧入手；做出护理判断——提问并对婴儿进行称重和检查；以及结束家访。对于某些家访，“萦绕与讲述”是一个额外的阶段。护士以三种模式进行以儿童为重点的家访。本文描述了单一模式。确定了潜在的母亲、儿童、互动和环境后果，以及影响母婴家访过程的因素。社会交换理论在描述护士如何启动、维持和结束家访过程以及描述随之而来的客户后果方面很有用。
