Perrin C L, Nielson J B
Department of Chemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0358, USA.
Annu Rev Phys Chem. 1997;48:511-44. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.511.
Hydrogen bonds are a key feature of chemical structure and reactivity. Recently there has been much interest in a special class of hydrogen bonds called "strong" or "low-barrier" and characterized by great strength, short distances, a low or vanishing barrier to hydrogen transfer, and distinctive features in the NMR spectrum. Although the energy of an ordinary hydrogen bond is ca 5 kcal mol-1, the strength of these hydrogen bonds may be > or = 10 kcal mol-1. The properties of these hydrogen bonds have been investigated by many experimental techniques, as well as by calculation and by correlations among those properties. Although it has been proposed that strong, short, low-barrier hydrogen bonds are important in enzymatic reactions, it is concluded that the evidence for them in small molecules and in biomolecules is inconclusive.
氢键是化学结构和反应活性的一个关键特征。最近，人们对一类特殊的氢键产生了浓厚兴趣，这类氢键被称为“强”或“低势垒”氢键，其特点是强度大、距离短、氢转移势垒低或趋近于零，以及在核磁共振谱中有独特特征。虽然普通氢键的能量约为5千卡/摩尔，但这些氢键的强度可能大于或等于10千卡/摩尔。人们通过许多实验技术以及计算和这些性质之间的相关性，对这些氢键的性质进行了研究。尽管有人提出强、短、低势垒氢键在酶促反应中很重要，但得出的结论是，在小分子和生物分子中支持它们存在的证据尚无定论。
