Dauba F, Lek S, Mastrorillo S, Copp G H
Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Agronomique, Equipe Environnement Aquatique et Aquaculture, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, 145 Avenue de Muret, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997 Oct;33(3):277-85. doi: 10.1007/s002449900254.
Riverine ecosystems are subject to a large variety of man-made influences, and in recent years a new public awareness of the need to protect rivers has emerged within the industrialized world. The present study focuses on the effect of abatement of pollution from one factory on the recovery of fish and macroinvertebrate species richness in the River Petite Baïse over a 20-year period (1973-1993). Until 1973, the Petite Baïse (75 km in length) received not only factory waste (nitrogenous rich effluents) but also the untreated sewage of many villages and agricultural runoff from the river's catchment. In 1970, macroinvertebrates and fishes were absent in the river despite having initially been classified as of the barbel Barbus barbus zone, and extensive efforts were made by the factory to reduce pollution to allow the riverine community to recover. Regular surveys between 1973 and 1993 revealed a progressive improvement in water quality and the recolonization of the river by macrobenthic and fish populations. Macrobenthic fauna species richness gradually increased from zero in 1970 to level 8 or 9 in 1993 (Verneaux and Tuffery method), reflecting improvements in river water quality. Fish were not observed until 40 km downstream of the factory in 1978, 16 km in 1980, and approximately 5 km by 1990. Fish species richness increased from five in 1978 (barbel, chub Leuciscus cephalus, stone loach Barbatula barbatula, minnow Phoxinus phoxinus, gudgeon Gobio gobio) to eight in 1990 (the carnivorous brown trout Salmo fario, the omnivorous chub, and six benthophagous fishes: gudgeon, barbel, minnow, stone loach, sofie Chondrostoma toxostoma, carp Cyprinus carpio). Fish biomass 45 km downstream the factory increased from 1 g/m2 in 1978 to more than 5 g/m2 by 1990. Recolonization of the river, in particular those areas furthest downstream from the factory, occurred as a result of reductions in the nitrogen inputs emanating from the factory.
河流生态系统受到各种各样人为因素的影响，近年来，工业化国家出现了一种新的公众意识，即需要保护河流。本研究重点关注一家工厂减少污染对小贝阿恩河鱼类和大型无脊椎动物物种丰富度在20年期间（1973年至1993年）恢复情况的影响。直到1973年，小贝阿恩河（全长75公里）不仅接收工厂废水（富含氮的污水），还接收许多村庄未经处理的污水以及河流集水区的农业径流。1970年，尽管该河最初被归类为须鲃区，但河中没有大型无脊椎动物和鱼类，工厂做出了广泛努力来减少污染，以使河流群落得以恢复。1973年至1993年期间的定期调查显示水质逐步改善，大型底栖动物和鱼类种群重新在河中定居。大型底栖动物群落物种丰富度从1970年的零逐渐增加到1993年的8或9级（韦尔诺和图费里方法），这反映了河流水质的改善。直到1978年在工厂下游40公里处才观察到鱼类，1980年在16公里处观察到，到1990年大约在5公里处观察到。鱼类物种丰富度从1978年的5种（须鲃、赤睛鱼、石爬鮡、麦穗鱼、 gudgeon）增加到1990年的8种（肉食性褐鳟、杂食性赤睛鱼和6种底栖食性鱼类：gudgeon、须鲃、麦穗鱼、石爬鮡、sofie、鲤鱼）。工厂下游45公里处的鱼类生物量从1978年的1克/平方米增加到1990年的超过5克/平方米。河流的重新定居，特别是工厂下游最远处的那些区域，是由于工厂氮输入量的减少而发生的。
