Moore D H, Tucker J D, Jones I M, Langlois R G, Pleshanov P, Vorobtsova I, Jensen R
California Pacific Medical Center, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco 94115, USA.
Radiat Res. 1997 Nov;148(5):463-75.
Blood samples were collected from 192 exposed workers who participated in the cleanup after the April 26, 1986, nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine. These samples, together with samples from 73 individuals living in Russia but not involved in Chernobyl cleanup activities, were collected during September 1991 to May 1996 and shipped to the U.S. for evaluation by three bioassays: cytogenetic analysis based on chromosome painting, HPRT mutation analysis and glycophorin A (GPA) variant analysis. Univariate statistical analyses of the results of each bioassay (including adjustments for age, smoking status and estimated precision of the bioassay) found greater frequencies of chromosome translocations and HPRT mutant T lymphocytes among the exposed individuals compared to the controls (P < or = 0.01). GPA analyses showed no significant difference for exposed compared to controls for either hemizygous, N/O, or homozygous, N/N, variant cell frequency. Multivariate analysis of variance of the subset of 44 exposed and 14 unexposed individuals with measurements from all three bioassays found elevated frequencies of chromosomal translocations and HPRT mutants, and reduced frequencies for both GPA end points among the exposed persons compared to the controls. However, none of these differences, considered singly or in combination, was statistically significant (although statistical power is low due to small sample sizes). Mean estimated dose, based on cytogenetic response, for those exposed was 9 cGy (range 0 to 51 cGy) and was less than that estimated by physical dosimetry (25 cGy). Correlation between the end points of the bioassays and estimated physical dosimetry was low (r < 0.2); the only significant correlation found was for physical dose estimate and dates worked at Chernobyl (r = 0.4, P < 0.01), with those working soon after the accident receiving greater estimated doses.
血液样本采集自192名参与1986年4月26日乌克兰切尔诺贝利核反应堆事故后清理工作的受辐射工人。这些样本，连同73名居住在俄罗斯但未参与切尔诺贝利清理活动的人员的样本，于1991年9月至1996年5月期间采集，并运往美国，通过三种生物测定法进行评估：基于染色体描绘的细胞遗传学分析、次黄嘌呤 - 鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（HPRT）突变分析和血型糖蛋白A（GPA）变异分析。对每种生物测定结果进行单变量统计分析（包括对年龄、吸烟状况和生物测定估计精度的调整）发现，与对照组相比，受辐射个体中染色体易位和HPRT突变T淋巴细胞的频率更高（P≤0.01）。GPA分析显示，无论是半合子（N/O）还是纯合子（N/N）变异细胞频率，受辐射者与对照组相比均无显著差异。对44名受辐射者和14名未受辐射者的子集进行多变量方差分析，这些人进行了所有三种生物测定，结果发现与对照组相比，受辐射者中染色体易位和HPRT突变频率升高，而两种GPA终点频率降低。然而，这些差异单独或综合考虑均无统计学意义（尽管由于样本量小，统计功效较低）。基于细胞遗传学反应，受辐射者的平均估计剂量为9厘戈瑞（范围为0至51厘戈瑞），低于物理剂量测定法估计的剂量（25厘戈瑞）。生物测定终点与估计的物理剂量测定之间的相关性较低（r<0.2）；唯一发现的显著相关性是物理剂量估计与在切尔诺贝利工作的日期之间的相关性（r = 0.4，P<0.01），事故后不久工作的人员接受的估计剂量更大。
