Janney C A, Zhang D, Sowers M
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Nov;66(5):1116-24. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/66.5.1116.
The effect of lactation on weight retention was investigated longitudinally, with data collected at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 mo after parturition in 110 women aged 20-40 y who had been nulliparous or primiparous. At each evaluation women were categorized as fully breast-feeding, partly breast-feeding, or bottle-feeding including infants weaned to a bottle (bottle feeding/weaned). Postpartum weight retention was calculated by subtracting weight before pregnancy from weight at each evaluation. Lactation practices were found to be significantly associated (P < 0.05) with postpartum weight retention by longitudinal regression analysis. Women who bottle-fed their infants retained more weight over time than women who breast-fed their infants. Significantly slower rates of weight loss were observed when women ceased breast-feeding or switched from fully to partly breast-feeding. Weight retention over time was greater in women who were older, unmarried, or had greater weight gain during pregnancy (P < 0.05). A pattern of weight gain rather than weight loss was observed in unmarried women. Our findings suggest that lactation influences the pattern of postpartum weight retention; however, the effect of lactation on weight retention was sufficiently limited to warrant minimal emphasis on lactation as a means of minimizing postpartum weight retention.
对110名年龄在20 - 40岁的未生育或初产女性进行了纵向研究，以调查哺乳期对体重保留的影响，在产后0.5、2、4、6、12和18个月收集数据。在每次评估时，将女性分为完全母乳喂养、部分母乳喂养或瓶喂（包括已断奶改用奶瓶喂养的婴儿）。产后体重保留通过每次评估时的体重减去孕前体重来计算。通过纵向回归分析发现，哺乳方式与产后体重保留显著相关（P < 0.05）。随着时间的推移，用奶瓶喂养婴儿的女性比母乳喂养婴儿的女性体重保留更多。当女性停止母乳喂养或从完全母乳喂养转为部分母乳喂养时，观察到体重减轻的速度明显减慢。年龄较大、未婚或孕期体重增加较多的女性随着时间的推移体重保留更多（P < 0.05）。未婚女性观察到体重增加而非减轻的模式。我们的研究结果表明，哺乳会影响产后体重保留的模式；然而，哺乳对体重保留的影响足够有限，因此将哺乳作为尽量减少产后体重保留的一种手段，几乎无需强调。
