Niezgoda M, Briggs D J, Shaddock J, Dreesen D W, Rupprecht C E
Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 1997 Nov;58(11):1327-31.
To determine susceptibility, incubation and morbidity periods, clinical signs, serologic response, and excretion of virus in domestic ferrets inoculated with rabies virus.
55 domestic ferrets.
5 groups of 10 ferrets were inoculated with rabies virus, IM, at doses of 10(5.5) to 10(1.5) median mouse intracerebral lethal dose. Ferrets were observed and behavior was recorded. Rectal temperature, body weight, and samples from the oral cavity and samples of saliva and blood were obtained. Virus isolation was attempted, using intracranial mouse inoculation and cell culture. Virus neutralizing antibodies were determined by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Ferrets were euthanatized immediately if clinical signs were severe. Rabies was confirmed by direct immunofluorescent antibody test.
Mean incubation period was 33 days (range, 16 to 96 days). Clinical signs included ascending paralysis, ataxia, cachexia, bladder atony, fever, hyperactivity, tremors, and paresthesia. Mean morbidity period was 4 to 5 days (range, 2 to 10 days). Virus antigen was detected in brain tissue from all clinically rabid ferrets. Ferrets given the highest viral dose were euthanatized and had VNA; ferrets receiving the next dilution also were euthanatized, but only 4 had seroconverted. Of 17 ferrets that survived, 5 seroconverted. Survivors remained clinically normal except for 1 that recovered with severe paralytic sequelae. Rabies virus was isolated from the salivary gland of 1 ferret that was euthanatized.
Rabies should be considered as a differential diagnosis in any ferret that has acute onset of paralysis or behavioral changes and a condition that rapidly deteriorates despite intense medical intervention.
确定接种狂犬病病毒的家养雪貂的易感性、潜伏期、发病期、临床症状、血清学反应及病毒排泄情况。
55只家养雪貂。
将5组，每组10只雪貂通过肌肉注射接种狂犬病病毒，剂量为10(5.5)至10(1.5)小鼠脑内半数致死量。观察雪貂并记录其行为。测量直肠温度、体重，并采集口腔样本、唾液和血液样本。尝试采用小鼠脑内接种和细胞培养进行病毒分离。通过快速荧光灶抑制试验测定病毒中和抗体。若临床症状严重，立即对雪貂实施安乐死。通过直接免疫荧光抗体试验确诊狂犬病。
平均潜伏期为33天（范围为16至96天）。临床症状包括上行性麻痹、共济失调、恶病质、膀胱无张力、发热、多动、震颤和感觉异常。平均发病期为4至5天（范围为2至10天）。在所有出现临床狂犬病症状的雪貂的脑组织中均检测到病毒抗原。接种最高病毒剂量的雪貂被实施安乐死并具有病毒中和抗体；接受次高剂量稀释的雪貂也被实施安乐死，但只有4只发生了血清转化。在17只存活的雪貂中，5只发生了血清转化。除1只康复后留有严重麻痹后遗症外，其余存活雪貂临床症状均正常。从1只被实施安乐死的雪貂的唾液腺中分离出狂犬病病毒。
对于任何出现急性麻痹或行为改变且病情在积极医学干预下仍迅速恶化的雪貂，均应考虑将狂犬病作为鉴别诊断。
