Narayan M C
Inova VNA Home Health, Springfield, Virginia, USA.
Home Healthc Nurse. 1997 Oct;15(10):663-70; quiz 671-2. doi: 10.1097/00004045-199710000-00005.
As the nurse becomes adept at performing cultural assessments and culturally competent care, it will become clear that "although it is critical to conduct a cultural assessment with culturally and ethnically diverse groups, it is also important to realize that every client needs a cultural assessment. Every client has values, beliefs, and practices that must be considered when a clinician renders healthcare services. Therefore, cultural assessments are not limited to specific ethnic groups, but rather should be conducted on each individual" (Campinha-Bacote, 1995, p.148). Nurses who have been identified as good transcultural nurses have been found to be empathetic, caring, open, and flexible. They have a positive attitude toward cultural differences and have a genuine interest in learning from the client about the client's culture (Emerson, 1995). Talabere (1996) states that openness, appreciation of another's perspective, holistic communication, genuine interest, and a nonjudgmental attitude are central to cultural sensitivity. When a culturally sensitive nurse develops mutually agreeable goals with a patient from another culture, a kind of cultural synergy occurs, resulting in care that is "meaningful, satisfying and beneficial to clients" (Leininger, 1988, p.155).
随着护士越来越擅长进行文化评估和提供具有文化胜任力的护理，将会清楚地认识到：“虽然对文化和种族多样化群体进行文化评估至关重要，但同样重要的是要意识到每个患者都需要进行文化评估。每位患者都有价值观、信仰和习俗，临床医生提供医疗服务时必须加以考虑。因此，文化评估并不局限于特定种族群体，而应该针对每一个体进行”（坎皮尼亚 - 巴科特，1995年，第148页）。被认定为优秀跨文化护士的那些护士已被发现具有同理心、关怀他人、开放且灵活。他们对文化差异持积极态度，并且真心有兴趣向患者了解其文化（爱默生，1995年）。塔拉贝雷（1996年）指出，开放、欣赏他人观点、整体沟通、真心兴趣以及无评判态度是文化敏感性的核心。当一位具有文化敏感性的护士与来自另一种文化的患者制定出双方都认可的目标时，就会产生一种文化协同效应，从而带来“对患者有意义、令人满意且有益的护理”（莱宁格，1988年，第155页）。
