Gutgesell H P, Barst R J, Humes R A, Franklin W H, Shaddy R E
University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1997 Nov 1;56(7):1825-30.
Cardiovascular signs and symptoms in young people are common and usually represent variants of normal physiology. However, these signs and symptoms can also indicate the presence of important cardiovascular disorders. Innocent heart murmurs can be distinguished from pathologic murmurs by the lack of associated symptoms, as well as their loudness, timing and location. Although most chest pain in this age group is of musculoskeletal or psychogenic origin, cardiac causes can include pericarditis, aortic stenosis and coronary anomalies. Syncope is usually vasovagal in origin and has a benign prognosis. Sinus arrhythmia and isolated extrasystoles are the most common causes of irregular cardiac rhythms in the young. Multiform premature ventricular contractions, couplets and ventricular tachycardia may indicate underlying cardiac disease.
年轻人的心血管体征和症状很常见，通常代表正常生理变异。然而，这些体征和症状也可能表明存在重要的心血管疾病。无害性心脏杂音可通过缺乏相关症状以及其响度、时间和位置与病理性杂音相区分。虽然该年龄组的大多数胸痛源于肌肉骨骼或心理因素，但心脏原因可包括心包炎、主动脉瓣狭窄和冠状动脉异常。晕厥通常源于血管迷走性，预后良好。窦性心律失常和孤立性期前收缩是年轻人心脏节律不规则的最常见原因。多形性室性早搏、成对出现和室性心动过速可能表明存在潜在的心脏疾病。
