Handal N, Dodds J H
Instituto Nacional de Seguros, San José, Costa Rica.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1997 Jun;1(6):426-34.
The factors that influence hospital admissions for schizophrenia in Costa Rica were investigated in people of both sexes who were admitted for the first time with this diagnosis (codes 295.0 to 295.9 of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) in the period 1979 to 1981. Annual incidence rates were calculated using the number of hospitalized cases and the total population of the country. The average annual incidence was found to be 48.2 cases per 100000 inhabitants. High frequencies of first admissions were seen among males 40 to 44 years of age and females 45 to 49. Incidence was highest among unmarried women, followed by divorced women. There was a significant inverse relationship between educational attainment and rates of admission for schizophrenia, and incidence rates were highest among unemployed women and housewives. The association between rate of hospitalization for schizophrenia and 10 characteristics of the cantons was studied by means of logistic regression. Only two variables-the distance between the canton's principal town and the hospital and the volume of coffee harvest per resident-showed a direct significant association with admission rates for schizophrenia. The cantons which had the highest number of births of children who were diagnosed as schizophrenic in adulthood were those closest to the psychiatric hospital and those that had a low level of industrial or agricultural activity, low population density, and high proportions of single or divorced persons.
对1979年至1981年期间首次因精神分裂症（《国际疾病分类第九版》编码295.0至295.9）入院的哥斯达黎加男女患者进行了研究，以探究影响该国精神分裂症患者住院情况的因素。利用住院病例数和全国总人口计算年发病率。结果发现平均年发病率为每10万居民48.2例。40至44岁的男性和45至49岁的女性首次入院频率较高。未婚女性的发病率最高，其次是离婚女性。受教育程度与精神分裂症入院率之间存在显著的负相关关系，失业女性和家庭主妇的发病率最高。通过逻辑回归研究了精神分裂症住院率与各行政区10个特征之间的关联。只有两个变量——行政区主要城镇与医院之间的距离以及每位居民的咖啡收获量——与精神分裂症入院率呈现直接显著关联。成年后被诊断为精神分裂症的儿童出生率最高的行政区是那些距离精神病医院最近的行政区，以及那些工农业活动水平低、人口密度低、单身或离婚人口比例高的行政区。
