Bercovitch F B, Nürnberg P
Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Sabana Seca 00952.
Electrophoresis. 1997 Aug;18(9):1701-5. doi: 10.1002/elps.1150180939.
The fundamental framework for uncovering factors affecting the evolution of social behavior rests upon analyses of variation in reproductive success. In species where females mate with multiple males, paternity is invisible in the absence of genetic data. We determined paternity in two populations of rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, using both single locus and multilocus techniques. One troop, Group R, is one of four troops living on a 15 ha island (Cayo Santiago) off the coast of Puerto Rico, while the other troop, Group M, was translocated from Cayo Santiago to the Sabana Seca Field Station (Puerto Rico) in 1984. About a dozen human-derived short tandem repeat (STR) markers have been found to be polymorphic in the study of populations and provide the initial paternity determination. Final evaluation of paternity is then confirmed by multilocus DNA fingerprinting using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Body condition, age, and dominance rank have an impact on male progeny production, while canine size does not. We suggest that nonagonistic competition in the form of sperm competition and endurance rivalry will modulate male reproductive success. A large body size among males provides them with an advantage in both sperm competition and endurance rivalry. Comparison of the two populations indicated that demographic, social, ecological, and morphological factors interact to regulate variation in reproductive success among male nonhuman primates.
揭示影响社会行为进化因素的基本框架基于对繁殖成功率差异的分析。在雌性与多个雄性交配的物种中，若没有基因数据，父系关系是无法确定的。我们运用单基因座和多基因座技术，确定了恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）两个种群中的父系关系。其中一个群体，即R群，是生活在波多黎各海岸外一个15公顷岛屿（圣地亚哥岛）上的四个群体之一，而另一个群体，即M群，于1984年从圣地亚哥岛转移到了萨巴纳塞卡野外研究站（波多黎各）。在种群研究中，已发现大约一打人类来源的短串联重复序列（STR）标记具有多态性，并用于初步的父系确定。然后通过使用合成寡核苷酸探针的多基因座DNA指纹图谱对父系进行最终确认。身体状况、年龄和优势等级对雄性后代的产生有影响，而犬齿大小则没有。我们认为，精子竞争和耐力对抗形式的非对抗性竞争将调节雄性的繁殖成功率。雄性体型较大在精子竞争和耐力对抗中都具有优势。对这两个种群的比较表明，人口统计学、社会、生态和形态学因素相互作用，以调节雄性非人灵长类动物繁殖成功率的差异。
