Stoch M B, Smythe P M
Arch Dis Child. 1976 May;51(5):327-36. doi: 10.1136/adc.51.5.327.
This third 5-year follow-up on the effects of severe undernutrition during infancy on subsequent brain growth and intellectual development confirms the level of gross retardation of intellect in the undernourished group when compared with the controls. As the subjects are now 15-18 years of age this must be permanent. All but 5 of the undernourished group are now living in conditions comparable to the controls. Improved nutrition is manifest by catch-up in height, in that the mean difference between undernourished subjects and controls has decreased by 2-73 cm. Remarkably, the difference in head circumference has increased by 0-5 cm, the mean head circumference of the undernourished now being 2-8 cm less than that of the controls. The Bender Gestalt and Human Figure Drawing tests did not correlate with the intelligence tests, indicating a separate deficit of a marked disturbance of visual-motor perception in 17 of the undernourished subjects, in 9 of whom these tests were highly significant of minimal brain dysfunction (5 of the controls). In retrospect there is much evidence to suggest the controls were also suboptimal; 8 controls had abnormal electroencephalograms as did 6 of the undernourished group.
本次对婴儿期严重营养不良对后续大脑发育和智力发展影响的第三次5年随访证实，与对照组相比，营养不良组的智力明显发育迟缓。由于这些受试者现在15至18岁，这种迟缓必定是永久性的。除5名营养不良组受试者外，其余所有人现在的生活条件都与对照组相当。营养状况的改善表现为身高的追赶，即营养不良受试者与对照组之间的平均差异减少了2.73厘米。值得注意的是，头围差异增加了0.5厘米，营养不良组的平均头围现在比对照组小2.8厘米。本德尔格式塔测验和人物绘画测验与智力测验不相关，这表明17名营养不良受试者存在视觉运动感知明显障碍的单独缺陷，其中9名受试者的这些测验对轻微脑功能障碍具有高度显著性（对照组中有5名）。回顾过去，有很多证据表明对照组也并非最佳；8名对照组受试者脑电图异常，营养不良组也有6名异常。
