Shulman J D, Wells L M
Texas A&M University System, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas 75266-0677, USA.
J Public Health Dent. 1997 Summer;57(3):150-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1997.tb02966.x.
This paper analyzes reports to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) of suspected overingestion of fluoride by children younger than 6 years of age between 1989 and 1994, and estimates the probably toxic amounts of various home-use fluoride products in children younger than 6 years of age.
Annual incidence rates of reported fluoride exposures attributed to dietary supplements, toothpaste, and rinses were calculated. Probably toxic amounts of each product were calculated using the frequently cited dose of 5 mg/kg.
Children younger than 6 years of age accounted for more than 80 percent of reports of suspected overingestion. While the outcomes were generally not serious, several hundred children were treated at health care facilities each year. A 10 kg child who ingests 50 mg fluoride (10.1 g 1.1% NaF gel; 32.7 g 0.63% SnF2 gel; 33.3 g 1,500 ppm F toothpaste; 50 g 1,000 ppm F toothpaste; and 221 mL 0.05% NaF rinse) will have ingested a probably toxic dose.
Overingestion of fluoride products in the home is preventable. Dentists and other health care providers should educate parents and child care providers about the importance of keeping fluoride products out of reach of children. Manufacturers should be encouraged by the ADA and the FDA to use child-resistant packaging for all fluoride products intended for use in the home.
本文分析了1989年至1994年间向美国毒物控制中心协会（AAPCC）报告的6岁以下儿童疑似过量摄入氟化物的情况，并估计了6岁以下儿童各种家用氟化物产品的可能中毒剂量。
计算了归因于膳食补充剂、牙膏和漱口水的报告氟暴露的年发病率。使用经常引用的5mg/kg剂量计算每种产品的可能中毒剂量。
6岁以下儿童占疑似过量摄入报告的80%以上。虽然结果一般不严重，但每年有数百名儿童在医疗机构接受治疗。一名10kg的儿童摄入50mg氟化物（10.1g 1.1%氟化钠凝胶；32.7g 0.63%氟化亚锡凝胶；33.3g 1500ppm氟牙膏；50g 1000ppm氟牙膏；以及221mL 0.05%氟化钠漱口水）将摄入可能的中毒剂量。
在家中过量摄入氟化物产品是可以预防的。牙医和其他医疗服务提供者应教育家长和儿童护理人员将氟化物产品放在儿童够不到的地方的重要性。美国牙科协会（ADA）和美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）应鼓励制造商对所有家用氟化物产品使用儿童安全包装。
