Alvesalo L
University of Oulu, Institute of Dentistry, Finland.
Hum Genet. 1997 Nov;101(1):1-5. doi: 10.1007/s004390050575.
Studies on tooth crown size and structure of individuals with various sex chromosome anomalies and their normal male and female relatives have demonstrated differential direct effects on growth of genes on the human X and Y chromosomes. The Y chromosome promotes growth of both tooth enamel and dentin, whereas the effect of the X chromosome on tooth growth seems to be restricted to enamel formation. Enamel growth is decisively influenced by cell secretory function and dentin growth by cell proliferation. It is suggested that these differential effects of the X and Y chromosomes on growth explain the expression of sexual dimorphism in various somatic features, such as the size, shape and number of teeth, and, under the assumption of genetic pleiotropy, torus mandibularis, statural growth, and sex ratio. Future questions concern, among other topics, the Y chromosome and the mineralization process, concentric control of enamel and dentin growth, and gene expression.
对患有各种性染色体异常的个体及其正常男性和女性亲属的牙冠大小和结构的研究表明，人类X和Y染色体上的基因对生长有不同的直接影响。Y染色体促进牙釉质和牙本质的生长，而X染色体对牙齿生长的影响似乎仅限于釉质形成。釉质生长决定性地受细胞分泌功能影响，牙本质生长受细胞增殖影响。有人提出，X和Y染色体对生长的这些不同影响解释了各种躯体特征中两性异形的表现，如牙齿的大小、形状和数量，并且在遗传多效性的假设下，还解释了下颌隆突、身高生长和性别比例。未来的问题包括Y染色体与矿化过程、釉质和牙本质生长的同心控制以及基因表达等诸多主题。
