Shavers-Hornaday V L, Lynch C F, Burmeister L F, Torner J C
Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Iowa 52240, USA.
Ethn Health. 1997 Mar-Jun;2(1-2):31-45. doi: 10.1080/13557858.1997.9961813.
In accordance with the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993, the National Institutes of Health and the Alcohol, Drug and Mental Health Administration require grant applicants and cooperative agreement participants to include minorities in human subject research. In an environment characterized by diminishing research dollars, this mandate has increased the pressure on investigators to determine factors that impede minority participation and to develop strategies to overcome these impediments.
An extensive review of the literature was conducted to identify the factors possibly responsible for the low participation levels of African Americans in medical research studies and to highlight areas for further research. The items examined included the historical relationship between African Americans and medical researchers and the attitudes, perceptions and beliefs of potential participants and researchers as they relate to the low representation of African Americans in medical research.
The factors identified as possible impediments to African American participation included distrust of the medical/scientific community, poor access to primary medical care, the failure of researchers to recruit African Americans actively, the alienation of minority health professionals, lack of knowledge about clinical trials, language and cultural barriers.
Well-designed, relevant, ethical research in conjunction with an appreciation of the many barriers to participation are paramount to increasing African American presence in clinical research.
根据1993年的美国国立卫生研究院振兴法案，美国国立卫生研究院以及酒精、药物和心理健康管理局要求拨款申请者和合作协议参与者在人体研究中纳入少数群体。在研究经费不断减少的环境下，这一要求增加了研究人员的压力，促使他们确定阻碍少数群体参与的因素，并制定克服这些障碍的策略。
对文献进行了广泛的综述，以确定可能导致非裔美国人参与医学研究水平较低的因素，并突出需要进一步研究的领域。审查的内容包括非裔美国人与医学研究人员之间的历史关系，以及潜在参与者和研究人员对非裔美国人在医学研究中代表性较低的态度、看法和信念。
确定的可能阻碍非裔美国人参与的因素包括对医学/科学界的不信任、获得初级医疗保健的机会少、研究人员未能积极招募非裔美国人、少数族裔卫生专业人员的疏离感、对临床试验的了解不足、语言和文化障碍。
精心设计、相关且符合伦理的研究，以及对参与研究的诸多障碍的认识，对于增加非裔美国人在临床研究中的参与至关重要。
