Dizon-Townson D S, Dildy G A, Clark S L
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, USA.
Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Dec;90(6):958-61. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00474-2.
To measure fetal pericardial fluid in low-risk second-trimester pregnancies and to evaluate outcome for those with measurements greater than 2 mm.
Five hundred and six women were referred for sonography between 16 and 25 weeks' gestation for common obstetric indications (dating, fetal survey, and placental location) unrelated to an increased risk of anomalies. All cases were evaluated with two-dimensional and M-mode real-time ultrasonography with the use of a mechanical sector transducer. The maximum distance of the fetal hypoechoic cardiac rim was recorded. We reviewed maternal and infant charts for those with measurements greater than 2 mm.
Median (range) maternal age was 25 (15-42) years. Median gravidity and parity were two (1-14) and one (0-11), respectively. Median estimated gestational age was 20.4 (16.3-24.9) weeks. Fetal pericardial fluid was seen in 360 of 506 (71%) fetuses. Of these 360 fetuses, the mean distance (+/- 2 standard deviation) of the fetal hypoechoic cardiac rim was 1.20 mm +/- 0.91 mm (95% confidence interval 1.15, 1.25). Among the 506 cases, the maximum measurement was 3 mm. Ten of the 506 (2%) cases had measurements greater than 2 mm. None of these ten fetuses had a cardiac structural abnormality or arrhythmia, and perinatal outcome was unremarkable.
During second-trimester fetal ultrasonographic examination, visualization of pericardial fluid up to 2 mm in the fetus with current high-resolution technology is common and should not be regarded as pathologic.
测量低风险孕中期妊娠的胎儿心包积液，并评估心包积液测量值大于2 mm者的妊娠结局。
506名孕妇因常见产科指征（孕周确定、胎儿检查及胎盘定位）于妊娠16至25周转诊接受超声检查，这些指征与胎儿异常风险增加无关。所有病例均使用机械扇形探头通过二维和M型实时超声进行评估。记录胎儿低回声心缘的最大距离。我们查阅了心包积液测量值大于2 mm者的母婴病历。
孕妇年龄中位数（范围）为25（15 - 42）岁。妊娠次数和产次中位数分别为2（1 - 14）次和1（0 - 11）次。估计孕周中位数为20.4（16.3 - 24.9）周。506例胎儿中有360例（71%）可见胎儿心包积液。在这360例胎儿中，胎儿低回声心缘的平均距离（±2标准差）为1.20 mm ± 0.91 mm（95%置信区间1.15, 1.25）。506例病例中，最大测量值为3 mm。506例中有10例（2%）测量值大于2 mm。这10例胎儿均无心脏结构异常或心律失常，围产期结局无异常。
在孕中期胎儿超声检查中，使用当前高分辨率技术时，胎儿心包积液达2 mm是常见现象，不应视为病理性。
