Bonni A, Greenberg M E
Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Can J Neurol Sci. 1997 Nov;24(4):272-83. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100032935.
The neurotrophins comprise a family of secreted proteins that elicit profound responses in cells of the developing and mature vertebrate nervous system including the regulation of neuronal survival and differentiation. The molecular mechanisms by which the neurotrophins exert their effects have been the subject of intense investigation. The neurotrophins elicit responses in neurons via members of the Trk family of receptors and the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Once activated, neurotrophin receptors trigger a large number of biochemical events that propagate the neurotrophin signal from the plasma membrane to the interior of the cell. An important target of the neurotrophin-induced signaling pathways is the nucleus, where neurotrophin-induced signals are coupled to alterations in gene expression. These neurotrophin-induced changes in gene expression are critical for many of the phenotypic effects of neurotrophins including the regulation of neuronal survival and differentiation.
神经营养因子是一类分泌蛋白家族，它们在发育中和成熟的脊椎动物神经系统细胞中引发深刻反应，包括调节神经元的存活和分化。神经营养因子发挥作用的分子机制一直是深入研究的主题。神经营养因子通过Trk受体家族成员和p75神经营养因子受体在神经元中引发反应。一旦被激活，神经营养因子受体就会触发大量生化事件，将神经营养因子信号从质膜传递到细胞内部。神经营养因子诱导的信号通路的一个重要靶点是细胞核，在细胞核中，神经营养因子诱导的信号与基因表达的改变相耦合。这些神经营养因子诱导的基因表达变化对于神经营养因子的许多表型效应至关重要，包括对神经元存活和分化的调节。
