职业自行车运动员与未受过训练的个体在运动时的代谢和激素反应差异。

Differences in the metabolic and hormonal response to exercise between racing cyclists and untrained individuals.

作者信息

Bloom S R, Johnson R H, Park D M, Rennie M J, Sulaiman W R

出版信息

J Physiol. 1976 Jun;258(1):1-18. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011403.

DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011403

PMID:940045

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1308956/

Abstract

Six well-trained cyclists and six untrained subjects were studied during and immediately after four successive 7 min periods of exercise at 30, 45, 60 and 75% of their maximal work capacity. 2. Venous blood samples were taken at rest, at the end of each exercise period and 5 min following the end of exercise, for estimation of metabolites in blood and plasma insulin, growth hormone, cortisol and catecholamines. 3. The results showed significant differences in the mobilization and utilization of muscle fuels between the athletically fit cyclists and the untrained group. In the cyclists, glucose, glycerol and free fatty acid concentrations were higher, but lactate, pyruvate and alanine were lower than in the untrained subjects during exercise. 4. Plasma catecholamines rose in both groups during exercise but the rise was significantly less in the racing cyclists. Plasma insulin was depressed to a greater extent in the untrained subjects during exercise and plasma glucagon rose to a greater extent during strenuous exercise and remained elevated after the end of exercise in the untrained group. Plasma human growth hormone rose to a greater extent during exercise and remained elevated after the end of exercise in the untrained group. Plasma cortisol fell at low and moderate exercise rates in both groups, but to a smaller extent in the cyclists. Cortisol values rose at higher workloads and were significantly higher in the cyclists at the end of exercise. 5. It is concluded that there are significant differences in the metabolic and hormonal responses to exercise between athletically trained and untrained individuals, even when the physically fit subjects work at the same percentage of their maximal capacity as the unfit subjects.

摘要

对6名训练有素的自行车运动员和6名未经训练的受试者进行了研究，研究期间他们进行了四个连续7分钟的运动时段，运动强度分别为其最大工作能力的30%、45%、60%和75%，运动结束后立即进行观察。2. 在休息时、每个运动时段结束时以及运动结束后5分钟采集静脉血样，以测定血液中的代谢物以及血浆胰岛素、生长激素、皮质醇和儿茶酚胺。3. 结果显示，身体健康的自行车运动员和未经训练的组在肌肉燃料的动员和利用方面存在显著差异。在运动过程中，自行车运动员的葡萄糖、甘油和游离脂肪酸浓度较高，但乳酸、丙酮酸和丙氨酸浓度低于未经训练的受试者。4. 两组在运动期间血浆儿茶酚胺均升高，但职业自行车运动员的升高幅度明显较小。未经训练的受试者在运动期间血浆胰岛素的降低幅度更大，而在剧烈运动期间血浆胰高血糖素升高幅度更大，且在运动结束后未经训练的组中仍保持升高。未经训练的组在运动期间血浆人类生长激素升高幅度更大，且在运动结束后仍保持升高。两组在低强度和中等强度运动时血浆皮质醇均下降，但自行车运动员下降幅度较小。在较高工作量时皮质醇值升高，且在运动结束时自行车运动员的皮质醇值明显更高。5. 得出的结论是，即使身体健康的受试者与身体不健康的受试者以相同的最大能力百分比进行工作，经过体育训练和未经训练的个体在运动的代谢和激素反应方面仍存在显著差异。