Muhle H, Bellmann B
Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Germany.
Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):1045-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.97105s51045.
It is generally agreed that the biodurability of man-made vitreous fibers is a major factor for the characterization of potential health effects. As there is currently no standardization of experimental protocols to determine biodurabilty, the results of the clearance assays have not been used up to now for regulatory purposes. Methods used to analyze biodurability in animal models are short-term inhalational exposure and intratracheal instillation of rat respirable fibers. Both test methods have strengths and limitations for regulatory purposes. We outline recommended procedures for standardized biodurability assays that can be used to compare different fiber types. In animal experiments, biodurability is difficult to separate from biopersistence, as mucociliary and macrophage-mediated clearance occur simultaneously with dissolution and disintegration. For intratracheal instillation, a sized rat respirable sample must be used. Precautions should be taken to prevent aggregation of fibers in the lungs. Although from a scientific point of view questions remain about quantifying the influence of fiber length, diameter, dose, and exposure route, consistent data on the biodurability of vitreous glass fibers are available which may be used for regulatory purposes.
人们普遍认为，人造玻璃纤维的生物耐久性是表征潜在健康影响的一个主要因素。由于目前尚无用于确定生物耐久性的实验方案的标准化，清除试验的结果迄今尚未用于监管目的。用于分析动物模型中生物耐久性的方法是短期吸入暴露和经气管向大鼠滴注可吸入纤维。这两种测试方法在监管方面都有优点和局限性。我们概述了可用于比较不同纤维类型的标准化生物耐久性测定的推荐程序。在动物实验中，生物耐久性很难与生物持久性区分开来，因为粘液纤毛和巨噬细胞介导的清除与溶解和崩解同时发生。对于经气管滴注，必须使用大小合适的大鼠可吸入样本。应采取预防措施以防止纤维在肺部聚集。尽管从科学角度来看，关于量化纤维长度、直径、剂量和暴露途径的影响仍存在问题，但已有关于玻璃纤维生物耐久性的一致数据，这些数据可用于监管目的。
