Anderson B L
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
Perception. 1997;26(4):419-53. doi: 10.1068/p260419.
A theory of illusory transparency and lightness is described for monocular and binocular images containing X-, T- and I-contour junctions. This theory asserts that the geometric and luminance relationships of contour junctions induce illusory transparency and lightness percepts by causing a phenomenal scission of a homogenous luminance into multiple contributions. Specifically, it is argued that a discontinuous change in contrast along aligned contours that preserve contrast polarity induces a scission of the lower contrast region into a near-transparent surface or an illumination change, and a more distant surface that continues behind behind this near layer. This scission is assumed to cause changes in perceived lightness and/or surface opacity. Discontinuous changes in contrast along contours also are assumed to induce end-cut illusory contours that run roughly perpendicular to the inducing orientation of the contour, both monocularly and binocularly. Binocular illusory contours are shown to be caused by the presence of unmatchable contour terminators. It is argued that the presented theory can provide a unified account of a variety of monocular and binocular illusions that induce uniform transformations in perceived lightness, including neon-color spreading, the Munker-White illusion, Benary's illusion, and illusory monocular and binocular transparency.
针对包含X型、T型和I型轮廓交点的单眼和双眼图像，描述了一种虚幻透明度和明度理论。该理论认为，轮廓交点的几何和亮度关系通过使均匀亮度产生现象学上的分裂为多个部分，从而诱发虚幻透明度和明度感知。具体而言，有人认为，沿保持对比度极性的对齐轮廓的对比度不连续变化会导致低对比度区域分裂为一个近乎透明的表面或光照变化，以及一个在这个近层后面延续的更远表面。这种分裂被认为会导致感知明度和/或表面不透明度的变化。沿轮廓的对比度不连续变化也被认为会诱发端切虚幻轮廓，这些轮廓大致垂直于轮廓的诱发方向，单眼和双眼情况下均如此。双眼虚幻轮廓被证明是由不可匹配的轮廓终端的存在引起的。有人认为，所提出的理论可以对各种在感知明度上诱发均匀变换的单眼和双眼错觉提供统一的解释，包括霓虹色扩散、蒙克 - 怀特错觉、贝纳里错觉以及单眼和双眼虚幻透明度。
