Zhang M, Powers R M, Wolfinbarger L
Center for Biotechnology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
J Periodontol. 1997 Nov;68(11):1085-92. doi: 10.1902/jop.1997.68.11.1085.
The relationships between residual calcium levels and particle size of ground demineralized bone matrix and its osteoinductive potential were investigated using in vitro and in vivo assays. The effects of variable residual calcium levels, variable particle sizes, and donor age and gender were studied using a tissue culture-based bioassay (in vitro) as well as an athymic mouse (in vivo) bioassay. The osteoinductive potential of the bone-derived biomaterial was assessed by measuring the degree of new bone formation (change in percent calcium content after 4 weeks of implantation) in the in vivo assay and levels of alkaline phosphatase activity associated with cultures of human periosteal cells (HPO cells) in the in vitro assay, respectively. Slightly demineralized bone matrix and overly demineralized bone matrix possessed a degree of osteoinductive potential whereas bone demineralized to levels of approximately 2% residual calcium provided for maximum osteoinductive potential in both assay systems. The osteoinductive potential of ground demineralized bone varied relative to the particle size such that DBM particles ranging from 500 to 710 microns provided for the highest level of calcium deposition (increase of 8.1 weight percent calcium) after 4 weeks of implantation in muscle pouches of an athymic mouse, whereas explanted particles less than 250 microns showed the lowest level of calcium deposition (increase of only 2.8 weight percent calcium). In the donor age and gender study, DBM from different donors were divided into 5 age groups for both female and male donor derived bone: less than 20, 21 to 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, and 51 to 60 year old age groups. This study indicated that DBM from female donors in the 31 to 40 years old age group and male donors in the 41 to 50 year age group possess the highest osteoinductive potential, whereas DBM derived from donor bone from both female and male donors in the 51 to 60 year age group presented the lowest osteoinductive potential. DBM derived from male and female donors did not in general show significant differences in osteoinductive potential.
使用体外和体内试验研究了残余钙水平与研磨脱矿骨基质粒径及其骨诱导潜力之间的关系。使用基于组织培养的生物测定法（体外）以及无胸腺小鼠（体内）生物测定法，研究了可变残余钙水平、可变粒径以及供体年龄和性别的影响。通过分别在体内试验中测量新骨形成程度（植入4周后钙含量百分比变化）和在体外试验中测量与人骨膜细胞（HPO细胞）培养相关的碱性磷酸酶活性水平，评估了骨衍生生物材料的骨诱导潜力。轻度脱矿骨基质和过度脱矿骨基质具有一定程度的骨诱导潜力，而脱矿至残余钙水平约为2%的骨在两种试验系统中均具有最大骨诱导潜力。研磨脱矿骨的骨诱导潜力因粒径而异，以至于在无胸腺小鼠肌肉袋中植入4周后，粒径在500至710微米之间的脱矿骨基质颗粒的钙沉积水平最高（钙重量百分比增加8.1%），而小于250微米的外植颗粒的钙沉积水平最低（钙重量百分比仅增加2.8%）。在供体年龄和性别研究中，将来自不同供体的脱矿骨基质分为女性和男性供体来源骨的5个年龄组：小于20岁、21至30岁、31至40岁、41至50岁和51至60岁年龄组。该研究表明，31至40岁年龄组的女性供体来源的脱矿骨基质和41至50岁年龄组的男性供体来源的脱矿骨基质具有最高的骨诱导潜力，而51至60岁年龄组的女性和男性供体来源的骨衍生的脱矿骨基质的骨诱导潜力最低。一般来说，来自男性和女性供体的脱矿骨基质在骨诱导潜力方面没有显著差异。
