Schmid K, Lederer P, Schaller K H, Angerer J, Strebl H, Weber A
Institut mit Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1996 Nov;199(1):24-37.
The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of metals of environmental-medical relevance in biological materials in persons seeking asylum with regard to their country of origin. COLLECTIVE AND METHOD: During medical examination after entry into Germany of persons seeking asylum, samples were taken for determination of the following biological monitoring parameters: lead in blood, and arsenic, cadmium and mercury in urine. A total of 103 males were investigated (13 from former Yugoslavia, 29 from the former USSR, 33 Africans and 28 Asians) ranging from 16 to 53 years of age (median 27 years). 34 male Germans without occupational exposure to these substances and a similar age structure (age 25-36 years; median 26 years) served as a control group.
The countries of origin had a significant influence on all the biological monitoring parameters investigated. The mean blood lead concentration in the Asians of 75.4 micrograms/L was the highest level found, while the lowest concentration of 38.0 micrograms/L was measured in the German controls. Also the level of arsenic excreted in the urine was on average much higher in the persons seeking asylum than in the German controls. In the Africans a mean level of 9.7 micrograms/g creatinine was reached. The Germans had the lowest arsenic concentrations in urine of 5.3 micrograms/g creatinine. There were, however, considerable interindividual fluctuations, which are probably due to oral uptake of arsenic compounds as a result of eating seafoods. The highest mean concentration of mercury excreted in urine was found in the German controls. Values of 0.9 microgram/g creatinine were determined. The men seeking asylum from former Yugoslavia had significantly higher values than other groups for cadmium excreted in urine. The median of 0.6 microgram/g creatinine was nearly three times as high as found in the Germans.
For all parameters investigated, with the exception of mercury, higher internal exposure was found in the persons seeking asylum than in the German controls. This may be due to individual life style, dietary habits or environmental conditions in the country of origin. For clinical environmental medicine, the 95th percentile, as the upper limit of the reference range, can only be regarded as an orientation aid for classifying the exposure to hazardous substances of an individual compared to other persons from the same environment.
本研究旨在调查寻求庇护者生物材料中与环境医学相关的金属浓度，并考虑其原籍国情况。
在寻求庇护者进入德国后进行体检期间，采集样本以测定以下生物监测参数：血液中的铅以及尿液中的砷、镉和汞。共对103名男性进行了调查（13名来自前南斯拉夫，29名来自前苏联，33名非洲人，28名亚洲人），年龄在16至53岁之间（中位数27岁）。34名无职业性接触这些物质且年龄结构相似（25 - 36岁；中位数26岁）的德国男性作为对照组。
原籍国对所有调查的生物监测参数均有显著影响。亚洲人血液中铅的平均浓度为75.4微克/升，是所发现的最高水平，而德国对照组中测得的最低浓度为38.0微克/升。寻求庇护者尿液中排出的砷水平平均也比德国对照组高得多。非洲人平均达到9.7微克/克肌酐的水平。德国人尿液中砷的浓度最低，为5.3微克/克肌酐。然而，个体间存在相当大的波动，这可能是由于食用海鲜导致口服砷化合物所致。尿液中排出的汞平均浓度最高的是德国对照组，测定值为0.9微克/克肌酐。来自前南斯拉夫的寻求庇护者尿液中镉的排出量显著高于其他组。中位数为0.6微克/克肌酐，几乎是德国人中所发现值的三倍。
除汞外，在所有调查参数方面，寻求庇护者体内的暴露水平高于德国对照组。这可能归因于个人生活方式、饮食习惯或原籍国的环境状况。对于临床环境医学而言，作为参考范围上限的第95百分位数，与来自相同环境的其他人相比，仅可作为对个体有害物质暴露进行分类的一种指导。
