McMurray A
School of Nursing, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Health Care Women Int. 1997 Nov-Dec;18(6):543-56. doi: 10.1080/07399339709516310.
Researchers on violence against women have failed to reveal any studies that provide definitive explanations for the violent behaviors of certain males. However, violence against women has been known to occur as a result of unusually potent situational stressors, regardless of the male's propensity toward violence. Some of these situational stressors occur during the process of marital separation and divorce, particularly in relation to disputes over child custody, support, and access. In this paper I report on a second-level analysis of a set of studies in Australia aimed at examining the experience of separating parents who did not gain custody of their children. One of the dominant themes that emerged in the initial analysis from the male cohort was the real or vicarious violence that pervaded the men's interactions with their ex-spouses. These men, from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds and age groups, freely discussed episodes in which they had either planned, executed, or fantasized about violence against their spouses in retaliation for real or perceived injustices related to child custody, support, and/or access. In many cases, these thoughts and actions were reinforced by the encouragement of other males. To a lesser extent, women also reported violent inclinations induced by the situation. The implications for those advocating for women and families are clear. There is a need to understand the experience of marital separation from the perspective of both spouses as a basis for family counseling. We must also heighten awareness of the need to educate young people away from an "ownership" model of marriage and relationships, which is counterproductive to the personal development of both partners. Equally important is the need for all health professionals to advocate for changes that would help to correct injustices in the family court system, many of which are related to gender issues.
研究针对妇女暴力行为的人员未能找到任何能对某些男性暴力行为作出明确解释的研究。然而，已知针对妇女的暴力行为是由异常强烈的情境压力源导致的，无论男性的暴力倾向如何。其中一些情境压力源出现在婚姻分居和离婚过程中，特别是在子女监护权、抚养费和探视权的纠纷方面。在本文中，我报告了对澳大利亚一组研究的二级分析，这些研究旨在考察未获得子女监护权的分居父母的经历。在对男性群体的初步分析中出现的一个主要主题是，真实的或间接感受到的暴力弥漫在这些男性与前妻的互动中。这些来自不同社会经济背景和年龄组的男性自由地谈论他们曾计划、实施或幻想过针对配偶的暴力行为，以报复与子女监护权、抚养费和/或探视权相关的真实或感知到的不公。在许多情况下，这些想法和行为因其他男性的怂恿而得到强化。在较小程度上，女性也报告了因这种情况产生的暴力倾向。这对那些为妇女和家庭发声的人来说，其影响是显而易见的。有必要从夫妻双方的角度去理解婚姻分居的经历，以此作为家庭咨询的基础。我们还必须提高认识，即需要教育年轻人摒弃婚姻和人际关系中的“占有”模式，这种模式对双方的个人发展都有不利影响。同样重要的是，所有健康专业人员都需要倡导进行变革，以帮助纠正家庭法院系统中的不公现象，其中许多不公现象与性别问题有关。
