Ridet J L, Malhotra S K, Privat A, Gage F H
INSERM U. 336, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.
Trends Neurosci. 1997 Dec;20(12):570-7. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01139-9.
For several decades, the reactive gliosis that occurs after an injury to the CNS has been considered one of the major impediments to axonal regeneration. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that in certain conditions, reactive astrocytes may provide a permissive substratum to support axonal regrowth. The important criteria, allowing for the distinction between permissive and non-permissive gliosis, are the ultrastructural 3D organization of the scar and more importantly the recognition molecules expressed by reactive astrocytes. Reactive astrocytes express surface molecules and produce various neurotrophic factors and cytokines. The latter in turn might modulate the production of recognition molecules by reactive astrocytes, allowing them to support post-lesional axonal regrowth. Although numerous recent articles have focused on cytokines and cell adhesion molecules, scant attention has been paid to reactive astrocytes. Reactive astrocytes should be considered a key element, like neurons, of a dynamic environment, thus forming with neurons a functional unit involved in homeostasis, plasticity and neurotransmission. Attempts are in progress to identify molecular markers for reactive astrocytes.
几十年来，中枢神经系统损伤后发生的反应性胶质增生一直被认为是轴突再生的主要障碍之一。然而，最近的研究表明，在某些情况下，反应性星形胶质细胞可能提供一个允许轴突再生的基质。区分允许性和非允许性胶质增生的重要标准是瘢痕的超微结构三维组织，更重要的是反应性星形胶质细胞表达的识别分子。反应性星形胶质细胞表达表面分子并产生各种神经营养因子和细胞因子。后者进而可能调节反应性星形胶质细胞识别分子的产生，使其能够支持损伤后轴突的再生。尽管最近有许多文章关注细胞因子和细胞粘附分子，但对反应性星形胶质细胞的关注却很少。反应性星形胶质细胞应被视为动态环境中的关键元素，与神经元一样，因此与神经元形成一个参与体内平衡、可塑性和神经传递的功能单元。目前正在努力寻找反应性星形胶质细胞的分子标记。
