Watt A, Honey R C
University of Wales, Cardiff, U.K.
Q J Exp Psychol B. 1997 Nov;50(4):350-67. doi: 10.1080/713932659.
In three experiments, hungry rats received appetitive training with four stimuli, A, B, X, and Y. In each Experiment, A and B were paired with one unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g. food pellets) whereas X and Y were paired with a second US (e.g. sucrose). Subsequently, rats responded more vigorously to combinations of stimuli associated with different USs (A-Y & X-B) than to combinations of stimuli associated with the same US (A-B & X-Y; Experiments 1, 2, & 3). This effect was observed when the stimuli were presented simultaneously and during the second elements of serial compounds (Experiments 2 & 3). Moreover, combining CSs associated with different USs resulted in a more marked CR than combining CSs that had each been paired with both US1 and US2 (Experiment 3). These results suggest that the sensory properties of appetitive reinforcers have an important influence on performance.
在三项实验中，饥饿的大鼠接受了对四种刺激物A、B、X和Y的偏好性训练。在每项实验中，A和B与一种无条件刺激（US；如食丸）配对，而X和Y与另一种无条件刺激（如蔗糖）配对。随后，大鼠对与不同无条件刺激相关联的刺激组合（A-Y和X-B）的反应比对与相同无条件刺激相关联的刺激组合（A-B和X-Y；实验1、2和3）更为强烈。当刺激物同时呈现时以及在序列复合物的第二个元素呈现期间（实验2和3），观察到了这种效应。此外，将与不同无条件刺激相关联的条件刺激组合在一起所产生的条件反应比将每个都与无条件刺激1和无条件刺激2配对的条件刺激组合在一起时更为明显（实验3）。这些结果表明，偏好性强化物的感觉特性对行为表现有重要影响。
