Djamgoz M B, Hankins M W, Hirano J, Archer S N
Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, U.K.
Vision Res. 1997 Dec;37(24):3509-29. doi: 10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00129-6.
Neurobiology of retinal dopamine is reviewed and discussed in relation to degenerative states of the tissue. The Introduction deals with the basic physiological actions of dopamine on the different neurons in vertebrate retinae with an emphasis upon mammals. The intimate relationship between the dopamine and melatonin systems is also covered. Recent advances in the molecular biology of dopamine receptors is reviewed in some detail. As degenerative states of the retina, three examples are highlighted: Parkinson's disease; ageing; and retinal dystrophy (retinitis pigmentosa). As visual functions controlled, at least in part, by dopamine, absolute sensitivity, spatial contrast sensitivity, temporal (including flicker) sensitivity and colour vision are reviewed. Possible cellular and synaptic bases of the visual dysfunctions observed during retinal degenerations are discussed in relation to dopaminergic control. It is concluded that impairment of the dopamine system during retinal degenerations could give rise to many of the visual abnormalities observed. In particular, the involvement of dopamine in controlling the coupling of horizontal and amacrine cell lateral systems appears to be central to the visual defects seen.
本文回顾并讨论了视网膜多巴胺的神经生物学及其与视网膜组织退行性病变的关系。引言部分介绍了多巴胺对脊椎动物视网膜不同神经元的基本生理作用，重点是哺乳动物。同时也阐述了多巴胺与褪黑素系统之间的密切关系。文中还较为详细地回顾了多巴胺受体分子生物学的最新进展。作为视网膜退行性病变的例子，文中重点介绍了三个：帕金森病、衰老和视网膜营养不良（色素性视网膜炎）。由于视觉功能至少部分受多巴胺控制，因此本文还回顾了绝对敏感度、空间对比敏感度、时间（包括闪烁）敏感度和色觉。文中讨论了视网膜退行性病变期间观察到的视觉功能障碍可能的细胞和突触基础与多巴胺能控制的关系。得出的结论是，视网膜退行性病变期间多巴胺系统的损伤可能导致观察到的许多视觉异常。特别是，多巴胺参与控制水平细胞和无长突细胞侧向系统的耦合似乎是所观察到的视觉缺陷的核心。
