Clarke B, James C
Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of the West of England.
J Adv Nurs. 1997 Dec;26(6):1243-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1997.tb00819.x.
Post-registration nurse education in England has changed significantly in recent years. One of the most significant changes has been the emergence of flexible learning which is characterized by adaptations in the way programmes are planned, the nature of provision, the ways of enhancing access, the process of teaching and learning, the nature of assessment and the way in which programmes are evaluated. This paper reviews the influences on nurse education at post-registration level which have brought about flexible learning. It analyses the purposes of flexible learning by integrating theoretical considerations and the outcomes of the case study of programmes and modules deemed by providers to be flexible. The over-arching purpose of flexible learning is the improvement of educational quality, specifically in relation to improving access, availability, relevance, and the way in which individual practitioners' needs and importantly the needs of other stakeholders (for example, providers, employers and validating bodies) are met. Flexible learning is also concerned with encouraging self-direction in professional learning. The different purposes and the way in which they interrelate, together with the range of different stakeholders and their potentially conflicting needs, significantly complicates the management of flexible learning.
近年来,英国注册后护士教育发生了显著变化。最显著的变化之一是灵活学习的出现,其特点体现在课程规划方式、提供的性质、增加入学机会的方式、教学过程、评估性质以及课程评估方式等方面的调整。本文回顾了对注册后护士教育产生影响并带来灵活学习的因素。通过整合理论考量以及提供者认为具有灵活性的课程和模块的案例研究结果,分析了灵活学习的目的。灵活学习的总体目标是提高教育质量,特别是在增加入学机会、提高可获得性、增强相关性以及满足个体从业者需求(重要的是其他利益相关者,如提供者、雇主和认证机构的需求)方面。灵活学习还关注鼓励专业学习中的自我导向。不同的目的及其相互关系,以及不同利益相关者的范围和他们潜在冲突的需求,使得灵活学习的管理变得极为复杂。