Morgan D L, Shines C J, Jeter S P, Blazka M E, Elwell M R, Wilson R E, Ward S M, Price H C, Moskowitz P D
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Dec;147(2):399-410. doi: 10.1006/taap.1997.8267.
Copper gallium diselenide (CGS), copper indium diselenide (CIS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe) are novel compounds used in the photovoltaic and semiconductor industries. This study was conducted to characterize the relative toxicities of these compounds and to evaluate the pulmonary absorption and distribution after intratracheal instillation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a single equimolar dose (70 mM) of CGS (21 mg/kg), CIS (24 mg/kg), CdTe (17 mg/kg), or saline by intratracheal instillation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, fibronectin, inflammatory cells, lung hydroxyproline, and tissue distribution were measured 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after instillation. Relative lung weights were significantly increased in CIS- and CdTe-treated rats at most time points. Inflammatory lesions in the lungs consisting of an influx of macrophages, lymphocytes, and PMNs were most severe in CdTe-treated rats, intermediate in CIS-treated rats, and minimal in rats receiving CGS. Hyperplasia of alveolar type 2 cells was present in CIS- and CdTe-treated rats and was greatest in CdTe-treated rats. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis was observed in CdTe-treated rats at all time points. All three compounds caused marked increases in total BALF cell numbers, with the greatest increase observed in CIS-treated rats. BALF protein, fibronectin, and lung hydroxyproline were significantly increased in all treated animals and were highest in CdTe-treated animals. There was no apparent pulmonary absorption or tissue distribution of CGS. Indium levels increased in extrapulmonary tissues of CIS-treated rats, although Cu and Se levels remained unchanged. CdTe was absorbed from the lung to a greater extent than CGS and CIS. Cd and Te levels decreased in the lung and increased in extrapulmonary tissues. Of these compounds CdTe presents the greatest potential health risk because it causes severe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and because it is readily absorbed from the lung may potentially cause extrapulmonary toxicity.
铜镓二硒化物（CGS）、铜铟二硒化物（CIS）和碲化镉（CdTe）是光伏和半导体行业中使用的新型化合物。本研究旨在表征这些化合物的相对毒性，并评估气管内滴注后肺部的吸收和分布情况。通过气管内滴注，给雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠单次给予等摩尔剂量（70 mM）的CGS（21 mg/kg）、CIS（24 mg/kg）、CdTe（17 mg/kg）或生理盐水。在滴注后1、3、7、14和28天测量支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中的蛋白质、纤连蛋白、炎性细胞、肺羟脯氨酸以及组织分布。在大多数时间点，CIS和CdTe处理组大鼠的相对肺重量显著增加。肺部由巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞和多形核中性粒细胞流入组成的炎性病变在CdTe处理组大鼠中最为严重，在CIS处理组大鼠中居中，而在接受CGS的大鼠中最小。CIS和CdTe处理组大鼠出现肺泡Ⅱ型细胞增生，且在CdTe处理组大鼠中最为明显。在所有时间点，CdTe处理组大鼠均观察到肺间质纤维化。所有三种化合物均导致BALF细胞总数显著增加，其中CIS处理组大鼠增加最为明显。所有处理组动物的BALF蛋白质、纤连蛋白和肺羟脯氨酸均显著增加，且在CdTe处理组动物中最高。CGS没有明显的肺部吸收或组织分布。CIS处理组大鼠肺外组织中的铟水平升高，而铜和硒水平保持不变。CdTe从肺部的吸收程度大于CGS和CIS。肺中的镉和碲水平降低，而肺外组织中的水平升高。在这些化合物中，CdTe具有最大的潜在健康风险，因为它会引起严重的肺部炎症和纤维化，并且由于它易于从肺部吸收，可能会导致肺外毒性。
