Castegnaro M, De Méo M, Laget M, Michelon J, Garren L, Sportouch M H, Hansel S
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70(6):378-84. doi: 10.1007/s004200050232.
Handling of genotoxic compounds commonly used in cancer chemotherapy generates contaminated wastes that require decontamination before disposal. Chemical methods are an alternative and/or a complement to incineration for the treatment of wastes and spills.
As part of a program initiated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 3 chemical methods readily available in the hospital environment--sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 5.25%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, < or = 30%) and Fenton reagent (FeCl2, 2H2O; 0.3 g in 10 ml H2O2, 30%)--are being tested for the degradation of a total of 32 antineoplastic agents. The efficiency of degradation was monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The mutagenicity of the degradation residues were tested by the Ames test using tester strains Salmonella typhimurium TA 97a, TA 98, TA 100, and TA 102 with and without an exogenous metabolic activation system.
The first results obtained for the degradation of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and melphalan have been published in this journal. The present manuscript reports the results of the investigation of a series of six anthracyclines (aclarubicin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, and pirarubicin) commonly used in chemotherapy treatment. Pharmaceutical preparations corresponding to the most concentrated administration solutions in either NaCl (0.9%) or dextrose (5%) were inactivated by oxidation volume/volume with each of the methods for at least 1 h. Complete degradation into nonmutagenic residues of all the tested compounds was observed after 1 h for the NaOCl (5.25%) treatment as previously reported for the first study.
Sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) is an efficient reagent for the chemical degradation of the nine drugs tested thus far.
癌症化疗中常用的遗传毒性化合物的处理会产生受污染的废物，这些废物在处置前需要进行净化处理。化学方法是废物和泄漏物处理中焚烧的一种替代方法和/或补充方法。
作为国际癌症研究机构（IARC）发起的一项计划的一部分，正在测试医院环境中 readily available 的三种化学方法——次氯酸钠（NaOCl，5.25%）、过氧化氢（H2O2，≤30%）和芬顿试剂（FeCl2·2H2O；0.3 g 溶于 10 ml 30%的 H2O2 中）——对总共 32 种抗肿瘤药物的降解效果。通过高压液相色谱法监测降解效率。使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 TA 97a、TA 98、TA 100 和 TA 102 测试菌株，在有和没有外源性代谢激活系统的情况下，通过艾姆斯试验测试降解残留物的致突变性。
环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺和美法仑降解的首批结果已在本期刊发表。本手稿报告了对化疗中常用的一系列六种蒽环类药物（阿克拉霉素、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、伊达比星和吡柔比星）的研究结果。对应于 NaCl（0.9%）或葡萄糖（5%）中最浓缩给药溶液的药物制剂，用每种方法以氧化体积/体积处理至少 1 小时后失活。如首次研究先前报道的那样，用 NaOCl（5.25%）处理 1 小时后，观察到所有测试化合物完全降解为无致突变性的残留物。
次氯酸钠（5.25%）是迄今为止测试的九种药物化学降解的有效试剂。
