Fowler J E, Quatrano R S
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1997;13:697-743. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.697.
Because plants are composed of immobile cells, plant morphogenesis requires mechanisms allowing precise control of cell expansion and cell division patterns. Cortical domains, localized in response to directional cues, are of central importance in establishing cell polarity, orienting cell division, and determining daughter cell fates in a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Such domains consist of localized macromolecular complexes that, in plant cells, provide spatial control of cell expansion and cell division functions. The role of the cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, and targeted secretion to the cell wall in the spatial regulation of cell morphogenesis in plants is discussed in light of recent results from model organisms, including brown algal zygotes (e.g. Fucus). A general model, emphasizing the importance of cortical sites and targeted secretion, is proposed for morphogenesis in higher plant cells based on current knowledge and principles derived from analysis of the establishment of a stable cortical asymmetry in Fucus. The model illustrates mechanisms to direct the orientation of an asymmetric division resulting in daughter cells with different fates.
由于植物由不能移动的细胞组成，植物形态发生需要能够精确控制细胞扩张和细胞分裂模式的机制。皮质结构域根据定向线索定位，在多种原核生物和真核生物中对于建立细胞极性、确定细胞分裂方向以及决定子细胞命运至关重要。此类结构域由局部大分子复合物组成，在植物细胞中，这些复合物对细胞扩张和细胞分裂功能进行空间控制。根据包括褐藻合子（如墨角藻）在内的模式生物的最新研究结果，讨论了细胞骨架、质膜和细胞壁靶向分泌在植物细胞形态发生空间调控中的作用。基于目前的知识以及对墨角藻中稳定皮质不对称性建立的分析得出的原理，提出了一个强调皮质位点和靶向分泌重要性的通用模型，用于解释高等植物细胞的形态发生。该模型阐述了指导不对称分裂方向从而产生具有不同命运子细胞的机制。
