Department of Agronomy, Lily Hall of Life Sciences, 915 West State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Curr Biol. 2009 Sep 15;19(17):R800-11. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.056.
Underlying the architectural complexity of plants are diverse cell types that, under the microscope, easily reveal relationships between cell structure and specialized functions. Much less obvious are the mechanisms by which the cellular growth machinery and mechanical properties of the cell interact to dictate cell shape. The recent combined use of mutants, genomic analyses, sophisticated spectroscopies, and live cell imaging is providing new insight into how cytoskeletal systems and cell wall biosynthetic activities are integrated during morphogenesis. The purpose of this review is to discuss the unique geometric properties and physical processes that regulate plant cell expansion, then to overlay on this mechanical system some of the recent discoveries about the protein machines and cellular polymers that regulate cell shape. In the end, we hope to make clear that there are many interesting opportunities to develop testable mathematical models that improve our understanding of how subcellular structures, protein motors, and extracellular polymers can exert effects at spatial scales that span cells, tissues, and organs.
植物的架构复杂性的基础是多种多样的细胞类型，在显微镜下，这些细胞类型很容易揭示细胞结构和特殊功能之间的关系。不太明显的是，细胞生长机制和细胞机械性能之间的相互作用是如何决定细胞形状的。最近，通过使用突变体、基因组分析、复杂的光谱学和活细胞成像的综合应用，为细胞骨架系统和细胞壁生物合成活性在形态发生过程中的整合提供了新的见解。本文的目的是讨论调节植物细胞扩张的独特几何特性和物理过程，然后在这个机械系统上叠加一些关于调节细胞形状的蛋白质机器和细胞聚合物的最新发现。最后，我们希望清楚地表明，有许多有趣的机会来开发可测试的数学模型，以提高我们对亚细胞结构、蛋白质马达和细胞外聚合物如何在跨越细胞、组织和器官的空间尺度上发挥作用的理解。
