Nakayama Y, Aohda T, Katahira Y
Seiroka Kango Daigaku Kiyo. 1997;23:1-14.
This study was based on the results of two surveys (Group A and Group B) designed to identify variables related to nurses' retention and job satisfaction. The survey of Group A was conducted in 1994, and the subjects were nurses who worked at large general hospitals with established nursing administration systems. The survey of group B was conducted in 1995 and the subjects were nurses who worked at small private hospitals with less or no established nursing administration systems. The purpose of this study was to explore and discuss differences between Group A and Group B's Personal backgrounds and perception of their work, and to investigate variables related to nurses' retention and job satisfaction. The survey was designed as a descriptive study using a questionnaire. Questionnaires were comprised of demographic data and contained the following 5 scales; Administration system scale, Interpersonal relationship scale, Professionalism scale, Nurse's self-actualization scale, Overall job satisfaction scale. Two main differences between Group A and Group B which emerged from this study concerned the nurses' educational backgrounds and their perceptions of work. The nurses in Group A, most of whom graduated from 3 or 4 year nursing programs, focused on the nurses' career development, and the nurses in Group B, who had often worked as practical nurses, focused on the nurses work environment. The job satisfaction of both Group A and Group B was correlated with the administration system, interpersonal relationships, and professionalism. In particular, Group B nurses' job satisfaction was strongly related to their perceptions of the nursing administration system including work environment. Group A nurses' job satisfaction was moderately significant with all variables except self actualization which was not found to be related. Although in both groups, nurses who thought about leaving their jobs were found to have low scores on nursing administration system and self actualization scales, Group B scores on these scales were lower than Group A.
本研究基于两项调查（A组和B组）的结果，旨在确定与护士留职率和工作满意度相关的变量。A组的调查于1994年进行，调查对象是在设有完善护理管理系统的大型综合医院工作的护士。B组的调查于1995年进行，调查对象是在设有较少或没有护理管理系统的小型私立医院工作的护士。本研究的目的是探讨和讨论A组和B组在个人背景和工作认知方面的差异，并调查与护士留职率和工作满意度相关的变量。该调查设计为使用问卷的描述性研究。问卷由人口统计学数据组成，并包含以下5个量表：管理系统量表、人际关系量表、专业精神量表、护士自我实现量表、总体工作满意度量表。本研究中出现的A组和B组之间的两个主要差异涉及护士的教育背景及其对工作的认知。A组的护士大多毕业于3年制或4年制护理专业，关注护士的职业发展，而B组的护士通常担任实习护士，关注护士的工作环境。A组和B组的工作满意度都与管理系统、人际关系和专业精神相关。特别是，B组护士的工作满意度与她们对包括工作环境在内的护理管理系统的认知密切相关。A组护士的工作满意度在除自我实现（未发现与之相关）之外的所有变量上都具有中等显著性。尽管在两组中，考虑离职的护士在护理管理系统和自我实现量表上的得分都较低，但B组在这些量表上的得分低于A组。
