Rodin J
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1976 Mar;33(3):345-53. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.33.3.345.
Experiment 1 tested whether performance is influenced by the reattribution of task-relevant emotional arousal. Arousal was manipulated by level of anticipated shock and test anxiety. Tasks included the digit symbol substitution test, the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test, anagram solution, and unsolvable puzzles. Aroused subjects who were either given a pill attribution for their arousal or correctly warned that shock and test anxiety might upset them performed significantly better than aroused subjects who were given no manipulated attribution. Experiment 2 compared the performance of menstruating women complaining of moderate or severe symptoms with others not currently menstruating. It was expected that the latter two groups would not have a salient alternative attribution for task-relevant arousal and that women with stronger symptoms would. Experimentally aroused, high-symptom menstruating women performed significantly better than the other two aroused groups. The results suggest the beneficial effects of predictability and perceived normative standards upon performance, and the reattribution phenomenon was reconsidered within that context. The implications of these findings for competence during menstruction were also also discussed.
实验1测试了与任务相关的情绪唤醒的重新归因是否会影响表现。通过预期电击水平和考试焦虑来操纵唤醒状态。任务包括数字符号替换测试、斯特鲁普颜色-文字干扰测试、字谜解谜以及无解的谜题。那些因唤醒状态而被给予药物归因或者被正确告知电击和考试焦虑可能会使他们不安的被唤醒的受试者，其表现明显优于那些未被给予任何操纵性归因的被唤醒的受试者。实验2比较了抱怨有中度或重度症状的经期女性与其他非经期女性的表现。预计后两组对于与任务相关的唤醒状态不会有显著的替代性归因，而症状较重的女性会有。经实验激发后，症状严重的经期女性的表现明显优于另外两组被激发的女性。结果表明了可预测性和感知到的规范标准对表现的有益影响，并在此背景下重新审视了重新归因现象。还讨论了这些发现对经期能力的影响。
