Rittig M G, Jagoda J C, Wilske B, Murgia R, Cinco M, Repp R, Burmester G R, Krause A
Department of Anatomy, University of Erlangen, Germany.
Infect Immun. 1998 Feb;66(2):627-35. doi: 10.1128/IAI.66.2.627-635.1998.
The mechanisms involved in coiling phagocytosis are not yet known, and it is not even clear whether this phenomenon is either an incidental event or a specific response. Therefore, the phagocytic uptake of Borrelia burgdorferi and other spirochetes by human monocytes in vitro was used to investigate the involvement of both sides--microbes and phagocytes--in coiling phagocytosis. As seen with electron microscopy, morphologically similar Borrelia, Leptospira and Treponema strains induced markedly different frequencies of coiling phagocytosis. The monocytes used coiling phagocytosis for both live (motile) and killed (nonmotile) B. burgdorferi, but pseudopod coils were observed neither with fragmented B. burgdorferi nor with cell-free supernatant from B. burgdorferi cultures. Investigation of the relationship of coiling phagocytosis with other pseudopod-based cellular mechanisms revealed that the use of bioreagents that inhibit conventional phagocytosis also inhibited coiling phagocytis but did not affect membrane ruffling. Bioreagents that increase membrane ruffling did not affect phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi, except for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and phorbol myristate acetate, which increased coiling phagocytosis selectively. These results demonstrate that coiling phagocytosis is not induced by microbial motility, viability, or a certain morphology and that it is not a random event. Rather, it is a selective uptake mechanism actively driven by the phagocytes. However, whether coiling phagocytosis represents an independent alternative to conventional phagocytosis or, alternatively, a fault in conventional phagocytosis remains to be determined.
螺旋吞噬作用所涉及的机制尚不清楚，甚至不清楚这种现象是偶然事件还是特异性反应。因此，利用人单核细胞在体外对伯氏疏螺旋体和其他螺旋体的吞噬摄取，来研究微生物和吞噬细胞双方在螺旋吞噬作用中的参与情况。如通过电子显微镜所见，形态相似的伯氏疏螺旋体、钩端螺旋体和密螺旋体菌株诱导出的螺旋吞噬频率明显不同。单核细胞对活的（可运动的）和杀死的（不可运动的）伯氏疏螺旋体均采用螺旋吞噬作用，但对于破碎的伯氏疏螺旋体或伯氏疏螺旋体培养物的无细胞上清液均未观察到伪足卷曲。对螺旋吞噬作用与其他基于伪足的细胞机制之间关系的研究表明，使用抑制传统吞噬作用的生物试剂也会抑制螺旋吞噬作用，但不影响膜皱褶。增加膜皱褶的生物试剂对伯氏疏螺旋体的吞噬作用没有影响，但粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和佛波酯肉豆蔻酸酯除外，它们有选择地增加了螺旋吞噬作用。这些结果表明，螺旋吞噬作用不是由微生物的运动性、活力或某种形态诱导的，也不是一个随机事件。相反，它是一种由吞噬细胞主动驱动的选择性摄取机制。然而，螺旋吞噬作用是代表传统吞噬作用的一种独立替代方式，还是传统吞噬作用中的一个缺陷，仍有待确定。
