Bader G G, Kampe T, Tagdae T, Karlsson S, Blomqvist M
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sleep. 1997 Nov;20(11):982-90. doi: 10.1093/sleep/20.11.982.
We studied 24 bruxers (23-67 years old). They often complained of orofacial and bodily pain and presented autonomic symptoms (sweating 23%, palpitations at night 62%, decreased libido 50%); 19% had increased blood pressure requiring treatment, and 65% reported frequent headaches in the morning. Deep sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) were delayed. An average of 167 orofacial episodes developed during the night. The mean number of masseter bursts strictly defined as bruxism was 79, the mean delay for the first occurrence after sleep onset 18 minutes. The majority of bruxism occurred in stage 2 sleep and REM sleep. The mean number of shifts of sleep stages was 70, one-third occurring within the first minute following a bruxing episode, and 15% of bruxing episodes developed after a shift in sleep stage. Electroencephalogram showed alpha-delta pattern in 15% of the subjects. Short-lasting alpha activity was often encountered during the 10 seconds preceding the development of a bruxing episode. Tachycardia developed at its onset, persisting for 10 seconds. We suggest that, as a minor alarm response to endogenous/exogenous stimuli, arousal develops and is often followed by motor activation, such as a burst of bruxing, with, as in any situation when motor activity suddenly increases, a secondary increase of heart activity.
我们研究了24名磨牙症患者（年龄在23至67岁之间）。他们经常抱怨口面部和身体疼痛，并出现自主神经症状（出汗23%，夜间心悸62%，性欲减退50%）；19%的患者血压升高需要治疗，65%的患者报告早上经常头痛。深度睡眠和快速眼动（REM）睡眠延迟。夜间平均出现167次口面部发作。严格定义为磨牙症的咬肌爆发平均次数为79次，睡眠开始后首次发作的平均延迟时间为18分钟。大多数磨牙症发生在睡眠二期和快速眼动睡眠期。睡眠阶段的平均转换次数为70次，三分之一发生在磨牙发作后的第一分钟内，15%的磨牙发作发生在睡眠阶段转换之后。脑电图显示15%的受试者有α-δ波型。在磨牙发作前10秒经常会出现短暂的α波活动。发作开始时会出现心动过速，并持续10秒。我们认为，作为对内源性/外源性刺激的一种轻微警报反应，会出现觉醒，随后常伴有运动激活，如一阵磨牙，就像在任何运动活动突然增加的情况下一样，心脏活动会继发增加。
