Seidlitz L, Diener E
Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Jan;74(1):262-71. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.262.
Three studies tested hypotheses for sex differences in the recall of life events: differences in (a) affect intensity at encoding, (b) affect intensity at retrieval, (c) rehearsal, (d) detail of encoding, and (e) artifacts such as motivation or verbal ability. In Study 1 (N = 419), women recalled more positive (p < .01) and more negative (p < .05) life events than men. Differences in retrieval mood were not found. Study 2 (N = 55) replicated the recall differences and showed that neither rehearsal nor artifacts were responsible. Sex differences in recalling neutral everyday events also were obtained (p < .05), suggesting that affect intensity was not responsible. In Study 3 (N = 132), affective reactions to events were unrelated to recall, but sex differences in the detail of encoding (p < .001) were related to recall (p < .05). Sex differences in autobiographical memory are reliable and may be due to differences in the detail of encoding.
即（a）编码时的情感强度、（b）提取时的情感强度、（c）复述、（d）编码细节以及（e）诸如动机或语言能力等人为因素方面的差异。在研究1（N = 419）中，女性比男性回忆起更多积极的生活事件（p < .01）和更多消极的生活事件（p < .05）。未发现提取情绪方面的差异。研究2（N = 55）重复了回忆差异，并表明复述和人为因素均不是原因所在。在回忆中性日常事件方面也获得了性别差异（p < .05），这表明情感强度不是原因。在研究3（N = 132）中，对事件的情感反应与回忆无关，但编码细节方面的性别差异（p < .001）与回忆有关（p < .05）。自传体记忆中的性别差异是可靠的，可能归因于编码细节上的差异。
