McCoy C B, Metsch L R, Page J B, McBride D C, Comerford S T
Health Services Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, USA.
Med Anthropol. 1997 Dec;18(1):35-60. doi: 10.1080/01459740.1997.9966149.
Miami is one of the major centers of illegal drug activity and has a significant proportion of AIDS cases among injection drug users (IDUs). Since Needle Exchange Programs (NEP) are illegal and therefore do not exist in the state of Florida, other strategies must play a large role in reducing the transmission of HIV among IDUs. In order to effectively communicate with IDUs about needle safety, it is necessary to understand the practices and culture of IDUs, including where and how the needle/syringes are obtained and used. Data from recent studies conducted in Miami and other local sites indicate that IDUs inject frequently, averaging more than 1,000 per year, per person. While the vast majority of IDUs feel it is very important to clean needles and to use a needle only one time, these sentiments are not always practiced. Furthermore, data indicate that the context where shooting takes place must be considered in the planning of HIV risk reduction interventions. These findings suggest the importance of understanding patterns of drug use, attitudes toward intervention, and the cultural context where risky behaviors occur. Although Needle Exchange Programs are illegal in Florida, intervention programs must still stress the importance of using only new needles, but since new needles cannot always be obtained, IDUs should be taught and motivated not to use contaminated drug paraphernalia.
迈阿密是非法毒品活动的主要中心之一，在注射吸毒者（IDU）中艾滋病病例占相当大的比例。由于针头交换计划（NEP）在佛罗里达州是非法的，因此并不存在，其他策略必须在减少IDU中艾滋病毒传播方面发挥重要作用。为了有效地与IDU就针头安全问题进行沟通，有必要了解IDU的行为习惯和文化，包括针头/注射器的获取地点和使用方式。迈阿密和其他当地场所最近进行的研究数据表明，IDU注射频繁，每人每年平均注射超过1000次。虽然绝大多数IDU认为清洁针头并仅使用一次针头非常重要，但这些观念并不总是得到践行。此外，数据表明，在规划减少艾滋病毒风险的干预措施时，必须考虑注射发生的环境。这些发现表明了解吸毒模式、对干预措施的态度以及危险行为发生的文化背景的重要性。虽然针头交换计划在佛罗里达州是非法的，但干预计划仍必须强调仅使用新针头的重要性，但是由于新针头并非总能获得，应该教导并激励IDU不要使用受污染的吸毒用具。
