Anand K J
Emory University School of Medicine, Egleston Children's Health Care System, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
Biol Neonate. 1998;73(1):1-9. doi: 10.1159/000013953.
Clinical and laboratory investigations of neonatal pain suggest that preterm neonates have an increased sensitivity to pain and that acute painful stimuli lead to the development of prolonged periods of hyperalgesia. Non-noxious stimuli during these periods of hyperalgesia may expose preterm neonates to established or chronic pain. Acute physiologic changes caused by painful or stressful stimuli can be implicated as important factors in the causation or subsequent extension of early intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or the ischemic changes leading to periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Therapeutic interventions that provide comfort/analgesia in preterm neonates were correlated with a decreased incidence of severe IVH. Long-term follow-up studies of preterm neonates may substantiate the preliminary data associating repetitive painful experiences with some of the neurobehavioral and developmental sequelae resulting from neonatal intensive care.
新生儿疼痛的临床和实验室研究表明，早产儿对疼痛更为敏感，急性疼痛刺激会导致长时间的痛觉过敏。在这些痛觉过敏期间，无害刺激可能会使早产儿遭受持续性或慢性疼痛。由疼痛或应激刺激引起的急性生理变化可能是早期脑室内出血（IVH）发生或后续扩展，以及导致脑室周围白质软化（PVL）的缺血性变化的重要因素。为早产儿提供舒适/镇痛的治疗干预措施与严重IVH发生率的降低相关。对早产儿的长期随访研究可能会证实将重复性疼痛经历与新生儿重症监护导致的一些神经行为和发育后遗症相关联的初步数据。
