Kotsomitis N, Freer T J
University of Queensland Dental School, Brisbane, Australia.
ASDC J Dent Child. 1997 Nov-Dec;64(6):405-8.
A considerable body of evidence exists to suggest that genes play a dominant role in the etiology of the dental anomalies reviewed. It has been postulated that some kind of genetically controlled interrelationship may exist for some of these coincidental dental anomalies, as evidenced by their frequency of association. It has also been speculated that a "common genetic defect" may give rise to different phenotypic manifestations, including missing, malformed, and even ectopic and malpositioned teeth. The maxillary teeth that develop in the critical marginal areas of the dental lamina, namely the lateral incisors, canines and second premolars, seem most susceptible. Such dental anomalies may be symptoms of an inheritable developmental disturbance of tooth structures. Knowing that these dental anomalies can be inherited, a familial history and early clinical or radiographic detection of one anomaly, could alert parents and clinicians to the high likelihood of detection of other defects in the same individual and similar defects in other family members. Early diagnosis is important so that interceptive pediatric and orthodontic opportunities in relation to missing, malformed and ectopically erupting teeth are not overlooked. Further family studies are necessary to reveal the mode of inheritance of some of these dental anomalies and twin studies comparing monozygous and dizygous twins would enable an estimation of the extent of their inheritance.
大量证据表明，基因在上述牙颌异常的病因中起主导作用。据推测，这些巧合出现的牙颌异常中，部分可能存在某种基因控制的相互关系，其关联频率就证明了这一点。也有人推测，“共同的基因缺陷”可能导致不同的表型表现，包括牙齿缺失、形态异常，甚至牙齿异位和错位。在牙板关键边缘区域发育的上颌牙，即侧切牙、尖牙和第二前磨牙，似乎最易受到影响。此类牙颌异常可能是牙齿结构遗传性发育障碍的症状。鉴于这些牙颌异常可遗传，了解家族病史并早期通过临床或影像学检测出一种异常，可提醒家长和临床医生，同一患者很可能还存在其他缺陷，其他家庭成员也可能有类似缺陷。早期诊断很重要，这样就不会忽视针对牙齿缺失、形态异常和异位萌出的早期儿童干预和正畸治疗机会。有必要开展进一步的家族研究以揭示其中一些牙颌异常的遗传模式，比较同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的双生子研究将有助于评估其遗传程度。
