de Castro J M
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303-3083, USA.
Physiol Behav. 1998 Feb 1;63(3):385-95. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00455-1.
Males and females differ in the amounts of food and fluids they ingest. Previous studies suggest that this may be due to differences in genetic influences on intake. Gender differences in the heritability of food and fluid intake were investigated with 110 identical and 102 fraternal same-sex and 53 fraternal mixed-gender adult twin pairs who were paid to maintain 7-day food intake diaries. Linear structural modeling revealed significant genetic influences on the overall and meal intakes of foods and fluids and specific beverage and food types. No gender differences were found in the genes that influence intake or, for the most part, in the magnitude of the genetic influences on intake. However, gender differences were found for the between-meal intakes of fluids, being influenced by heredity for males but by common, familial, environment for females. The data suggest that intakes are equivalently influenced by inheritance and individual environment for both males and females and that most gender differences are due to a simple multiplicative difference between intakes possibly due to body size and/or caloric expenditure differences.
男性和女性摄入的食物和液体量存在差异。先前的研究表明，这可能是由于基因对摄入量的影响存在差异。通过110对同卵双胞胎、102对同性异卵双胞胎和53对异性异卵成年双胞胎来研究食物和液体摄入量遗传力的性别差异，这些双胞胎被付费记录7天的食物摄入量日记。线性结构模型显示，基因对食物、液体、特定饮料和食物类型的总体摄入量及每餐摄入量有显著影响。在影响摄入量的基因方面，未发现性别差异，而且在很大程度上，基因对摄入量影响的程度也没有性别差异。然而，发现了餐间液体摄入量的性别差异，男性受遗传影响，而女性受共同的家庭环境影响。数据表明，男性和女性的摄入量受遗传和个体环境的影响程度相同，而且大多数性别差异可能是由于体型和/或热量消耗差异导致摄入量之间简单的乘法差异。
