Schmidt G J, Walkuski J J, Stensel D J
School of Physical Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Jan;30(1):105-13. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199801000-00015.
The purpose of this study was to examine coronary risk factors and physical activity patterns of primary and secondary school children in Singapore. Children 6-18 yr (730 boys, 849 girls) were evaluated for anthropometry, percent body fat, resting blood pressure, fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins and glucose. A physical activity and leisure pursuits self-reported survey was used to group children into five categories ranging from "inactive" to "vigorous" activity. The self-reported questionnaire also recorded individual responses to exercise behaviors, leisure activities, and participation in organized games and sports. Body weight, body mass index (BMI; kg x m[-2]), and percent body fat were compared by age and gender. The blood analysis showed no significant differences in boys' and girls' plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Physical activity was significantly correlated with total cholesterol (rs = -0.13, P = 0.018) and triglycerides (rs = -0.18, P = 0.001) for boys and between physical activity with body fat (rs = -0.22, P = 0.0001) and BMI (rs = -0.16, P = 0.01) for girls. Height, weight, BMI, percent body fat, and blood pressure were greater for each age to 14 yr, after which there was less recorded body fat for boys. Girls' body fat remained about the same after 14 yr. Comparing by gender and age, significant differences were found between physical activity groups and total cholesterol and body fat. Although few children were at risk for heart disease, this study provides baseline coronary risk and physical activity data for further longitudinal analysis in this population.
本研究的目的是调查新加坡中小学生的冠心病风险因素及身体活动模式。对6至18岁的儿童（730名男孩，849名女孩）进行了人体测量、体脂百分比、静息血压、空腹血脂、脂蛋白及血糖评估。采用一项关于身体活动和休闲活动的自我报告调查，将儿童分为从“不活跃”到“剧烈”活动的五个类别。该自我报告问卷还记录了个体对运动行为、休闲活动以及参与有组织的游戏和运动的反应。按年龄和性别对体重、体重指数（BMI；kg×m[-2]）和体脂百分比进行了比较。血液分析显示，男孩和女孩的血脂和脂蛋白浓度无显著差异。男孩的身体活动与总胆固醇（rs = -0.13，P = 0.018）和甘油三酯（rs = -0.18，P = 0.001）显著相关，女孩的身体活动与体脂（rs = -0.22，P = 0.0001）和BMI（rs = -0.16，P = 0.01）显著相关。各年龄组至14岁时，身高、体重、BMI、体脂百分比和血压均较高，14岁后男孩记录的体脂较少。14岁后女孩的体脂基本保持不变。按性别和年龄比较，身体活动组与总胆固醇和体脂之间存在显著差异。尽管很少有儿童存在心脏病风险，但本研究为该人群进一步的纵向分析提供了冠心病风险和身体活动的基线数据。
