Cunningham J J
Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003-1420, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Feb;17(1):7-10. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1998.10718729.
Hyperglycemia portends chronic complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and substantial benefits are associated with "tight" glycemic control. Other interventions should either enhance glycemic control per se or add benefit to an established degree of glycemic control. Several micronutrients enhance insulin action and others offer promise in countering the untoward consequences of hyperglycemia. Supplements of micronutrients including the vitamins niacin (as niacinamide), C and E and the minerals zinc, chromium and vanadium have been studied. For the purpose of this review, the term "nutriceutic" refers to supplementation on the order of 2 to 10 times the RDA for which a benefit is linked to a mechanism of action. Benefits associated with "nutriceutic" supplementation are reported in small trials for vitamins C and E and these supplements are safe and affordable from food or tablet sources. A dietary strategy adding 200-600 mg of vitamin C and 100 IU of vitamin E to a healthy dietary pattern is worthy of consideration as an intervention for individuals with IDDM.
高血糖预示着胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM）会出现慢性并发症，而“严格”的血糖控制会带来显著益处。其他干预措施应要么本身就能增强血糖控制，要么能在已有的血糖控制程度上增加益处。几种微量营养素可增强胰岛素作用，其他一些微量营养素有望对抗高血糖的不良后果。已对包括维生素烟酸（以烟酰胺形式）、C和E以及矿物质锌、铬和钒在内的微量营养素补充剂进行了研究。就本综述而言，“营养治疗剂”一词指的是按推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）的2至10倍进行补充，其益处与作用机制相关。在关于维生素C和E的小型试验中报告了与“营养治疗剂”补充相关的益处，这些补充剂从食物或片剂来源获取既安全又实惠。在健康饮食模式中添加200 - 600毫克维生素C和100国际单位维生素E的饮食策略，作为对IDDM患者的一种干预措施值得考虑。
