Martínez M E, Willett W C
Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tuscon 85737, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Feb;7(2):163-8.
A protective effect of calcium on colorectal cancer, one of the most common malignancies in Western societies, has been supported primarily by results of in vitro animal studies. The present review summarizes the available epidemiological evidence for the association between calcium, vitamin D, and colorectal cancer. The overall results from over 20 published case-control and cohort studies suggest that calcium intake is not associated with a substantially lower risk of colorectal cancer. Findings from large prospective cohort studies, which should be least affected by methodological bias, have been notably consistent in finding weak and nonsignificant inverse associations. Whereas the relation between calcium and colon or colorectal cancer has been studied in numerous epidemiological studies, the role of vitamin D has only been addressed in a few of these investigations. The available results for vitamin D suggest that this micronutrient is inversely associated with risk but, given the scarcity of data, additional studies are needed to investigate this relation in more detail.
钙对结直肠癌具有保护作用，结直肠癌是西方社会最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，这一观点主要得到了体外动物研究结果的支持。本综述总结了关于钙、维生素D与结直肠癌之间关联的现有流行病学证据。20多项已发表的病例对照研究和队列研究的总体结果表明，钙摄入量与结直肠癌风险大幅降低并无关联。大型前瞻性队列研究的结果受方法学偏倚的影响最小，这些研究结果显著一致地发现了微弱且不显著的负相关关系。尽管在众多流行病学研究中都对钙与结肠癌或结直肠癌之间的关系进行了研究，但只有少数几项研究探讨了维生素D的作用。关于维生素D的现有结果表明，这种微量营养素与风险呈负相关，但鉴于数据稀缺，需要更多研究来更详细地探究这种关系。
