Al-Saleh I
Biological and Medical Research Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1998;17(1):17-35.
Lead is a poison that affects virtually every system in the body. Children are more vulnerable to lead exposure than adults because of the frequency of pica, hand-to-mouth activity, and a greater rate of intestinal absorption and retention. Very acute lead exposure in children (blood lead levels > 80 microg/dL) can cause coma, convulsions, and even death. Lower levels cause adverse effects on the central nervous system, kidney, and hematopoietic system. Several studies have identified harmful effects of lead in children at blood lead levels as low as 10 microg/dL. Recently, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) has cut the lead allowable threshold level from 25 microg/dL of blood to 10 microg/dL. This review summarizes the main sources of lead exposure that one could expect in a modern society such as Saudi Arabia.
铅是一种能影响人体几乎每个系统的毒物。由于异食癖、手口活动频繁以及肠道吸收和留存率较高，儿童比成人更容易受到铅暴露的影响。儿童急性铅暴露（血铅水平>80微克/分升）可导致昏迷、惊厥甚至死亡。较低水平的铅会对中枢神经系统、肾脏和造血系统产生不良影响。多项研究已确定，血铅水平低至10微克/分升时铅对儿童就有有害影响。最近，疾病控制中心（CDC）已将血铅允许阈值水平从25微克/分升降至10微克/分升。本综述总结了在沙特阿拉伯这样的现代社会中可能遇到的铅暴露的主要来源。
