Castillo D N, Malit B D
Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
Inj Prev. 1997 Dec;3(4):277-81. doi: 10.1136/ip.3.4.277.
To examine patterns of occupational injury deaths of 16 and 17 year olds in the United States for the three year period 1990-2, examine trends since the 1980s, and compare fatality rates with those of older workers.
Occupational injury deaths were analyzed using the death certificate based National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system. Fatality rates were calculated using estimates of full time equivalent (FTE) workers based on data from the Current Population Survey, a monthly household survey.
There were 111 deaths of 16 and 17 year olds for the years 1990-2. The average yearly rate was 3.5 deaths/100,000 FTE. The leading causes of death were motor vehicle related, homicide, and machinery related. All causes occupational injury fatality rates for 16 and 17 year olds were lower than for adults for 1990-2. Rates for the leading causes of death (motor vehicle related, homicide, and machinery related) were comparable or slightly higher than the rates for young and middle aged adult workers. Although rates decreased dramatically from 1980 to 1983, the decreasing trend attenuated in later years.
Comparisons of youth fatality rates to those of adult workers should address differences in patterns of employment, most importantly hours of work. Comparisons to narrow age groupings of adults is preferable to a single category of all workers 18 years and older. Increasing compliance with federal child labor regulations could help reduce work related deaths of youth. Other measures are needed, however, as there are many work hazards, including those associated with homicides, that are not addressed by United States federal child labor law regulations.
研究1990 - 1992年这三年间美国16岁和17岁青少年的职业伤害死亡模式，考察自20世纪80年代以来的趋势，并将死亡率与年长工人的死亡率进行比较。
使用基于死亡证明的国家创伤职业死亡（NTOF）监测系统对职业伤害死亡进行分析。死亡率是根据当前人口调查（一项每月进行的家庭调查）的数据，使用全时等效（FTE）工人的估计数计算得出的。
1990 - 1992年有111名16岁和17岁青少年死亡。年平均死亡率为3.5人/10万FTE。主要死亡原因是与机动车相关、凶杀和与机械相关。1990 - 1992年，16岁和17岁青少年所有原因的职业伤害死亡率低于成年人。主要死亡原因（与机动车相关、凶杀和与机械相关）的死亡率与年轻和中年成年工人的死亡率相当或略高。尽管从1980年到1983年死亡率大幅下降，但在随后几年下降趋势减弱。
将青年死亡率与成年工人死亡率进行比较时，应考虑就业模式的差异，最重要的是工作时间。与成年人较窄年龄组进行比较比与所有18岁及以上工人的单一类别进行比较更可取。加强对联邦童工法规的遵守有助于减少青年与工作相关的死亡。然而，还需要采取其他措施，因为存在许多工作危害，包括与凶杀相关的危害，而美国联邦童工法规并未涉及这些危害。
