Whitam F L, Daskalos C, Sobolewski C G, Padilla P
Department of Sociology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-2101, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 1998 Feb;27(1):31-56. doi: 10.1023/a:1018605808229.
Questionnaire data were collected from 205 lesbians and 224 heterosexual women in Brazil, Peru, the Philippines, and the United States between 1981 and 1988. Items include direction of childhood sexual interests, age of first awareness of sexual attraction, cross-attractions, age of first sexual contact, sex of partner in first sexual contact, age of awareness that sexual attractions were serious, and age of realization of adult sexual orientation. In general, similarities in the development of lesbian sexuality and differences between lesbians and heterosexual women were found, regardless of culture. Findings include: Lesbians were more sexually active as children and displayed more sexual interest in girls than heterosexuals did in boys; lesbians tended to become aware of their attractions to women later than heterosexuals realized attractions to men; lesbians reported considerably more early attraction to men than heterosexuals did to women; lesbians reported earlier sexual contact than did heterosexual women; the sex of the partner of first sexual contact for lesbians was split roughly equally between males and females whereas heterosexuals reported contact with males almost exclusively; childhood awareness that sexual attractions were serious were similar in lesbians and heterosexuals; lesbians defined themselves as homosexual later than heterosexuals defined themselves as heterosexual. We conclude that norms for heterosexual behavior impact the development of lesbian sexuality and identity, impeding, but not obliterating, their development. Lesbian sexuality and identity eventually emerge regardless of culture.
1981年至1988年间，从巴西、秘鲁、菲律宾和美国的205名女同性恋者和224名异性恋女性中收集了问卷调查数据。调查项目包括童年时期性兴趣的倾向、首次意识到性吸引力的年龄、交叉吸引力、首次性接触的年龄、首次性接触时性伴侣的性别、意识到性吸引力是严肃的年龄以及意识到成年后性取向的年龄。总体而言，无论文化背景如何，女同性恋性行为发展过程中的相似之处以及女同性恋者与异性恋女性之间的差异都被发现了。研究结果包括：女同性恋者在童年时期性活动更为活跃，对女孩表现出的性兴趣比异性恋者对男孩的性兴趣更多；女同性恋者往往比异性恋者更晚意识到自己对女性的吸引力；女同性恋者报告称对男性的早期吸引力比异性恋者对女性的早期吸引力要多得多；女同性恋者报告的首次性接触时间比异性恋女性更早；女同性恋者首次性接触时性伴侣的性别在男性和女性之间大致平分，而异性恋者几乎只报告与男性有过接触；女同性恋者和异性恋者在童年时期意识到性吸引力是严肃的情况相似；女同性恋者比异性恋者更晚将自己定义为同性恋。我们得出结论，异性恋行为规范会影响女同性恋性行为和身份认同的发展，阻碍但并非完全抹杀其发展。无论文化如何，女同性恋性行为和身份认同最终都会显现出来。
