Whitam F L, Mathy R M
Department of Sociology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-2101.
Arch Sex Behav. 1991 Apr;20(2):151-70. doi: 10.1007/BF01541941.
Heterosexual and homosexual females were interviewed with regard to childhood cross-gender behavior in Brazil, Peru, the Philippines, and the United States. Nine items were used to examine childhood behavior differences between heterosexual and homosexual females. Six of these items (playing with boys' toys, playing with girls' toys, dressing up in men's clothes, dressing up in women's clothes, paying attention to women's fashions, and being considered a tomboy) revealed statistically significant differences between the heterosexual and homosexual females. These differences demonstrated significant cross-cultural consistency, despite cultural variations among the societies examined. Rejection of certain gender-typical activities and interests, as well as involvement in cross-gendered activities and interests, seem to be consistent precursors of adult sexual orientation regardless of the cultural context in which these behaviors emerge.
在巴西、秘鲁、菲律宾和美国，研究人员就童年期的跨性别行为对异性恋和同性恋女性进行了访谈。使用了九个项目来考察异性恋和同性恋女性在童年期的行为差异。其中六个项目（玩男孩玩具、玩女孩玩具、穿男装、穿女装、关注女性时尚以及被认为是假小子）显示，异性恋和同性恋女性之间存在统计学上的显著差异。尽管所研究的社会存在文化差异，但这些差异表现出显著的跨文化一致性。拒绝某些典型的性别活动和兴趣，以及参与跨性别活动和兴趣，似乎是成年性取向的一致先兆，无论这些行为出现在何种文化背景中。
