Nowicki S, Mitchell J
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1998 Feb;124(1):39-59.
The association between social competence and preschool children's ability to identify affect in child and adult facial expressions and tones of voice was investigated in 2 studies. A Sullivan theoretical framework was used. Results indicate that gender plays an important role in the association. For boys, accuracy in identifying low-intensity adult faces and, to a lesser extent, low-intensity adult voices was related to social competence regardless of whether social competence was being measured in interactions with other children or with adults. In contrast, for girls, the ability to read high-intensity expressions across child and adult faces and voices was more specifically related to social competence, depending on whether it was defined by interactions with children or adults. Social competence at this age seems to involve different types of nonverbal skills for boys and girls.
两项研究调查了社会能力与学龄前儿童识别儿童及成人面部表情和语音语调中情感的能力之间的关联。研究采用了沙利文理论框架。结果表明，性别在这种关联中起着重要作用。对于男孩而言，识别低强度成人面部表情的准确性，以及在较小程度上识别低强度成人语音语调的准确性，与社会能力相关，无论社会能力是通过与其他儿童互动还是与成人互动来衡量。相比之下，对于女孩来说，识别儿童及成人面部和语音中高强度表情的能力，更具体地与社会能力相关，这取决于社会能力是由与儿童互动还是与成人互动来定义。这个年龄段的社会能力似乎涉及男孩和女孩不同类型的非语言技能。
