Nowak B
Department of Toxicology, Silesian University of Medicine, Sosnowiec, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 1998 Jan 8;209(1):59-68. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00298-2.
The concentrations of 11 elements: Pb, Mn, Fe, Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Na, K and Ca in hair were determined by AAS. Hair samples (n = 266) were collected between 1990 and 1994 from inhabitants of the Silesian Beskid in the south of Poland (non-industrialised region). The effects of age (1-30 years old, 31-80 years old), sex (male, female) and colour of hair on the heavy metal levels were determined. Using statistical methods of cluster analysis, multiple regression analysis and factor analysis we obtained information concerning relations among metals in the hair. The strongest relations between metals in the hair are as follows: Fe-Mn, Cr-K and Cd-Pb in the first cluster and Zn-Ni in the second cluster. For our population (n = 266, non-industrialised region in Poland) we obtained a factor loading > 0.7. Factor 1 was contributed by Na and K; Factor 2 by Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe; Factor 3 by Ca (a negative correlation); Factor 4 by Ni; Factor 5 by Cu; Factor 6 by Co, Cd and K; and Factor 7 by Cr, Pb, Mn, Fe and K. These seven factors explain 77.7% variance. We obtained linear multiple dependence (P < 0.05) as follows: Mn = f (Cd, Fe, Ca); Na = f (Zn, K, -Ca); K = f (-Zn, Cr, Na); Pb = f (Cd, Zn, Cr, Fe); Zn = f (Ni, Na, -Cr, -K); Fe = f (Pb, Mn); Cr = f (Pb, K, -Zn); Co = f (Cd, Cr); and Ca = f (Mn, -Zn, -Na). These relations can be useful to explain relationships among the metals in man.
采用原子吸收光谱法测定了头发中11种元素（铅、锰、铁、镉、铜、镍、铬、锌、钠、钾和钙）的含量。1990年至1994年间，从波兰南部西里西亚贝斯基德地区（非工业化地区）的居民中采集了头发样本（n = 266）。测定了年龄（1 - 30岁、31 - 80岁）、性别（男、女）和头发颜色对重金属含量的影响。通过聚类分析、多元回归分析和因子分析等统计方法，我们获得了有关头发中金属元素之间关系的信息。头发中金属元素之间最强的关系如下：第一组中的铁 - 锰、铬 - 钾和镉 - 铅，以及第二组中的锌 - 镍。对于我们的研究人群（n = 266，波兰非工业化地区），我们得到了因子载荷> 0.7。因子1由钠和钾贡献；因子2由铅、镉、锰和铁贡献；因子3由钙贡献（负相关）；因子4由镍贡献；因子5由铜贡献；因子6由钴、镉和钾贡献；因子7由铬、铅、锰、铁和钾贡献。这七个因子解释了77.7%的方差。我们得到如下线性多重相关性（P < 0.05）：锰 = f（镉、铁、钙）；钠 = f（锌、钾、 - 钙）；钾 = f（ - 锌、铬、钠）；铅 = f（镉、锌、铬、铁）；锌 = f（镍、钠、 - 铬、 - 钾）；铁 = f（铅、锰）；铬 = f（铅、钾、 - 锌）；钴 = f（镉、铬）；钙 = f（锰、 - 锌、 - 钠）。这些关系有助于解释人体中金属元素之间的关系。
