Muza G M, Bettiol H, Muccillo G, Barbieri M A
Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 1997 Apr;31(2):163-70. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89101997000200010.
Many of the epidemiological studies on the consumption of legal and illegal psychoactive substances have included the evaluation of the influence of social context on the levels of prevalence of this consumption using indirect social indicators such as family income, and educational and housing levels in an attempt to identify individuals or groups in different social contexts. The present study investigates the distribution of consumption of psychoactive substances according to social class in a sample of teenage pupils in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Southeastern Brazil.
A self-applicable questionnaire duly adapted and submitted to a reliability test was applied to a proportional sample of 1,025 teenagers enrolled in the 8th, 9th, 10th and 12th grades in public and private city schools. The questionnaires contained questions about the use of ten classes of psychoactive substances, demographic questions and validation information, as well as questions about the perception and intrinsic behavior related to drug consumption. The adaptation of a model that identifies 5 social class strata (business middle class, managerial middle class, lower middle class, proletariat and subproletariat) on the basis of indicators that situate the individuals within the social relations of production, was used.
The 3 middle class strata were more often represented, whereas the proletariat and subproletariat were less frequently represented in this teenage pupil population than in the population in general. There was no difference in alcohol or tobacco consumption according to social class, although prevalence tended to be higher at the two extremes of the social ladder. In contrast, the consumption of illegal substances was higher in the middle class and lower in the proletariat.
Although the consumption of legal substances did not differ among social classes, the higher consumption of illegal substances by the wealthier teenagers was probably due to the higher cost of these products as compared those of alcohol and tobacco.
许多关于合法和非法精神活性物质消费的流行病学研究，都通过使用家庭收入、教育程度和住房水平等间接社会指标，评估社会背景对这种消费流行程度的影响，试图识别不同社会背景中的个人或群体。本研究调查了巴西东南部圣保罗州里贝朗普雷图市青少年学生样本中，精神活性物质消费按社会阶层的分布情况。
一份经过适当改编并经过信效度检验的自填式问卷，被应用于从公立和私立城市学校的8年级、9年级、10年级和12年级中抽取的1025名青少年的比例样本。问卷包含关于十类精神活性物质使用情况的问题、人口统计学问题和验证信息，以及关于对药物消费的认知和内在行为的问题。采用了一种基于将个人置于生产社会关系中的指标来识别5个社会阶层（商业中产阶级、管理中产阶级、下层中产阶级、无产阶级和次无产阶级）的模型。
在这个青少年学生群体中，3个中产阶级阶层的代表性更强，而无产阶级和次无产阶级的代表性比总体人群中更少。根据社会阶层划分，酒精或烟草消费没有差异，尽管在社会阶梯的两端流行率往往更高。相比之下，非法物质的消费在中产阶级中更高，在无产阶级中更低。
虽然合法物质的消费在社会阶层之间没有差异，但较富裕青少年非法物质消费较高，可能是因为这些产品与酒精和烟草相比成本更高。
